嵌入式TCP/IP协议在接收机杜瓦性能参数监测系统中的应用

介绍了射电天文望远镜接收机杜瓦温度与真空度监测系统的设计,具体讨论了监测系统的硬件结构与嵌入式TCP/IP协议在该系统中的实现.针对目前大量使用8位微控制器的嵌入式系统,硬件主控系统芯片采用ATMEL公司生产的8位单片机ATmega16,网络控制芯片采用美国MICROCHIP公司生产的带SPI接口的独立以太网微控制器ENC28J60,设计实现了低成本、高效率、高稳定性的性能参数监测系统.对该系统进行测试分析、数据比对,测试结果表明该系统能够高效与PC机进行通信,PC机所接收到的温度值与标准数据的误差在±0.3 K范围内,接收到的真空值绝对误差在±10 ubar范围内,能够达到系统设计要求.     

三工河流域新老绿洲发育度的比较

绿洲是干旱区最重要的景观单元之一。人工绿洲是在干旱条件下经长期人类活动改造而形成的特殊景观。随着人类对绿洲水土资源开发利用程度的不断加强,绿洲呈现出不同的发展阶段。从天然绿洲到人工绿洲,是人类适应和改造干旱区自然环境的历程。在这一人地相互作用的过程中,绿洲显示出明显的发育演化特征。从多学科综合的角度,提出绿洲发育度的概念,并从灌溉体系的建设状况、水资源的利用水平、植被与生态建设、农业发展程度、社会经济水平和绿洲景观结构等7个方面提出了绿洲发育度的评价指标体系,以天山北坡2个人工绿洲为例,从空间上定量比较2个绿洲的发育程度,其中阜康市绿洲发育度高于222团绿洲(阜北农场)。     

真空预压处理高黏粒吹填土的物理化学指标

大连海港常采用高黏粒吹填土作为吹淤造陆工程土料,但高黏粒吹填土的黏粒含量大,真空预压处理地基时竖向排水体四周常常被黏粒淤堵,延误工程进度。为深入研究该类吹填土工程地质特性,基于室内物理模型采用80 kPa真空预压技术处理高黏粒吹填土,针对淤堵难题进行分析。通过测试土体的物理化学参数,建立含水率、易溶盐总量、钠离子含量、酸碱度、阳离子交换量、有机质含量等物理化学指标的特征分布曲线。结果表明：80 kPa真空预压处理的高黏粒吹填土含水率与易溶盐总量、酸碱度等化学指标呈反比;竖向排水体四周吹填土的易溶盐含量较大,有机质含量高;阳离子交换量与酸碱度呈正比。同时物化指标在排水板四周富集的现象反映80 kPa真空预压处理的高黏性吹填土固结状况,同时建议真空预压处理过程中采用分级真空预压方法,改进高黏粒吹填土地基处理,以降低淤堵状况。     

基于WSR框架的《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》指标体系分析

旨在剖析我国《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》中指标体系存在的问题并提出改进建议。在界定开发区土地集约利用内涵基础上,从要素特征(W维)、利用目标(R维)和评价过程(S维)等3个维度阐述了开发区土地集约利用评价的系统要求,构建关联分析矩阵,对《规程》中评价指标体系的特征差异化、层次完整性和目标关联性等3个方面进行了分析讨论。针对当前《规程》中存在的评价对象混杂、开发区类型需要细化、指标体系不完整、计算方法需修正等问题提出了相应修改建议。     

内蒙古大型银矿集区地球化学预测

如何利用地球化学填图数据预测潜在大型矿集区是寻找大型矿床亟待解决的问题.本文利用1:20万区域化探扫面数据和1:100万中蒙边界地球化学填图数据进行综合研究,在全区共圈出面积大于1000km2银的地球化学省40个,其中具有良好Ag-Pb-Zn综合异常的有31处.内蒙已发现的4处大型银矿有3处位于地球化学省内,已发现的11处中型银矿有10处位于地球化学省或区域异常内,这说明大型银矿与地球化学省有高度的相关性.大型银矿区银异常强度(异常内银平均含量/背景含量)大于1.5.利用面金属量模型和地球化学块体模型对31处潜在的大型银矿区的潜在资源量进行了预测.     

Origin of fine-scale sheeted granites by incremental injection of magma into active shear zones: examples from the Pilbara Craton, NW Australia

In the Archaean Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, three zones of heterogeneous centimetre- to metre-scale sheeted granites are interpreted to represent high-level, syn-magmatic shear zones. Evidence for the syn-magmatic nature of the shear zones include imbricated and asymmetrically rotated metre-scale orthogneiss xenoliths that are enveloped by leucogranite sheets that show no significant internal strain. At another locality, granite sheets have a strong shape-preferred alignment of K-feldspar, suggesting magmatic flow, while the asymmetric recrystallisation of the grain boundaries indicates that non-coaxial deformation continued acting upon the sheets under sub-solidus conditions. Elsewhere, randomly oriented centimetre-wide leucogranite dykes are realigned at a shear zone boundary to form semi-continuous, layer-parallel sheets within a magma-dominated, dextral shear zone.

It is proposed that the granite sheets formed by the incremental injection of magmas into active shear zones. Magma was sheared during laminar flow to produce the sheets that are aligned sub-parallel to the shear zone boundary. Individual sheets are fed by individual dykes, with up to 1000s of discrete injections in an individual shear zone. The sheets often lack microstructural evidence for magmatic flow, either because the crystal content of the magma was too low to record internal strain, or because of later recrystallisation.     

区域水资源可持续利用的综合评价方法

水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法是水资源可持续利用研究的核心问题之一。以复合系统理论为基础,将水资源、社会经济和环境组成的复合系统定义为水资源可持续利用系统(RSWRS系统)。应用Bossel可持续发展基本定向指标框架,建立了水资源可持续利用指标评价体系。应用系统综合评价法,权重采用基于Bossel评分标准,以参考状态的离差平方和最大法计算,建立了以RSWRS系统发展综合指数和发展态势度量模型。以陕西省为例,进行了水资源可持续利用的综合定量评价。     

社区可持续发展指标体系研究——以上海崇明为例

本文探索了在专业人员指导下的小组参与方法建立符合中国国情的社区可持续发展指标体系。研究以上海崇明为例,分析了不同社会群体对可持续发展的认识和需求,比较了不同经济发展水平、不同社会背景和不同决策层面对可持续发展的不同关注点,提出由4个核心指标、7个扩展指标和5个附加指标构成的社区可持续发展指标体系,为其他地区制订可持续发展指标体系提供了参考,并有利于实施社区发展可持续性的评估。     

Consequences of short‐term changes in coastal processes: a case study

In 1997–98, unique critical beach erosion led to structural failure along the Penarth, South Wales, UK coastline and anthropogenic activities, such as the construction of the Cardiff Bay Barrage and offshore marine aggregate dredging, were suggested as causes. The time‐frame of significant erosion was between 1995 and 1997 and forcing agents (extreme sea level and wind direction) and shoreline indicators (mean beach level and MHW) were analysed in order to assess change. Water level analysis showed that although there was no significant difference between actual and predicted mean sea levels, extreme sea levels at that time were significantly higher (t = 3·305; d.f. = 8; p < 0·05). Three wind direction analyses (annual mean, mean annual maximum gust and mean annual maximum gust ≥28 kn) between 1995 and 1997 also showed significant differences (p < 0·05). All comprised more easterly components which meant they approached the beach from the sea. Furthermore, gusts ≥28 kn from the northeast quadrant, that is, 0° to 90° true, were significantly more frequent during these years (t = 3·674; d.f. = 8; p < 0·01). Justification of statistical significances was established and there was supporting evidence of unusual meteorological conditions at that time. Relationships showed correlation between forcing agents (extreme sea level and wind direction) and shoreline indicators (mean beach level and Mean High Water). Furthermore, regression analysis showed winds from the northeast quadrant resulted in steeper longshore gradients, as a consequence of beach material loss. Therefore, it was concluded that the critical erosion of Penarth beach between 1995 and 1997 was caused by increased wave attack from the northeast and southeast quadrants, generated by unique significant changes in wind direction and extreme sea levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An indicator-based adaptive management framework and its development for data-limited fisheries in Belize

Decisions regarding the selection and implementation of management strategies that constrain fishing pressure can be among the most difficult choices that fisheries managers and stakeholders must make. These types of decisions often need to be confronted in a data-limited context, where few if any management measures are currently in place or fisheries are managed independent of adequate scientific advice. This situation can sometimes create a high risk of overfishing and potential loss of economic and social benefits. To address this situation, simple model-free indicator-based frameworks have the potential to be effective decision-making platforms for fisheries where quantitative estimates of biomass and fishing mortality based reference points are lacking. In this paper, a multi-indicator framework is developed that enables decision-makers to proceed with management decisions in data-limited situations. Model-free indicators are calculated using trends in observed data, rather than stock assessment derived estimates of biomass and fishing mortality. The framework developed is adaptive so that adjustments to catch or effort are recursive and can respond to changing environments, socioeconomic conditions, and fishing practices. Using stakeholder-defined objectives as a foundation, indicators and reference points of fishery performance are chosen that can be evaluated easily by undertaking analyses of available data. Indicators from multiple data streams are used so that uncertainty in one indicator can be hedged through careful interpretation and corroboration of information from alternative indicators. During the adaptive management cycle, managers and stakeholders evaluate each indicator against the associated reference points to determine performance measures, interpret the results using scientific and local knowledge, and adjust fishery management tactics accordingly using pre-defined harvest control rules. The framework facilitates the interpretation of situations in which performance measures suggest divergent stock abundance or productivity levels. A case study is presented on this framework's development for conch and lobster fisheries of Belize.