山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)遗传多样性的RAPD研究

采用RAPD技术 ,分析了日照、厦门沿海花鲈两群体的遗传多样性水平。结果表明 ,31条随机引物共扩增出两地花鲈 45 5条RAPD标记带 ,其中日照群体占 2 63条 ,厦门群体为1 92条 ;45 5条中有 1 84条带为两群体共有。日照群体内遗传相似度I为 0 892 8(差异度为0 1 0 72 ) ,厦门群体I为 0 92 2 5 (差异度为 0 0 775 ) ,而两者群体间的遗传相似度I为 0 8338(遗传距离D =0 1 662 )。两地花鲈在基因组DNA水平上存在较大的遗传差异。利用随机引物S1 1、S42、S45、S5 2和S2 0 3,在花鲈两群体间扩增出 8条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带     

养殖对虾暴发性流行病—中国对虾肝胰腺坏死病研究

1993年我国沿海各省市养殖对虾发生了暴发性流行病,造成了极大的损失。本文报导我们在浙江省舟山市调查和研究的结果,发现肝胰腺坏死杆状病毒和弧菌并发感染是引起对虾死亡的主要原因。     

光谱和体重对刺参耗氧率和排氨率的影响

实验采用室内受控的方法,研究了不同光色下,大(73.32±1.73) g、中(46.71±0.15) g和小(25.67±0.25) g 3种规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的耗氧率和排氨率的变化.实验采用红、橙、黄、绿、蓝色和对照组(白色)6种光照处理.研究结果表明:光谱对刺参的耗氧率和排氨率均有显著性影响(P<0.05),3种规格刺参的耗氧率趋势相同:白色＞红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色＞橙色;3种规格刺参的排氨率有相似的变化趋势:白色＞红色＞橙色、绿色、黄色、蓝色.刺参的体重与单位体重耗氧率及排氨率之间的回归关系均可以表示为R=aW~b,耗氧率a值在0.005 9～0.012 1之间,b值范围是1.119 7～1.214 6,排氨率a值的变动范围为0.004 2～0.02,b值的变动范围为0.455 3～0.867 8.这说明光谱对刺参的耗氧率和排氨率有显著性的影响,丰富了刺参的基础研究,对于刺参养殖生产有一定的指导意义.     

刺参中皂苷组分蒸发光散射-高效液相特征图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(HPLC-ELSD)法建立了刺参皂苷的特征图谱.方法:色谱柱为Symmetry C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),采用0.2% 乙酸水溶液-乙腈进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30 ℃;漂移管温度70 ℃;载气压力25 psi.结论:方法具有良好的专属性,可以作为刺参类产品是否含有刺参皂苷的评价方法.     

斑节对虾苗和刀额新对虾苗对低盐度适应力的研究

取体长为11mm的斑节对虾苗和刀额新对虾苗体长为6．1mm,经暂养数天后,分别在不同盐度的水中进行试验。结果表明,这两种虾苗适应低盐度十分广泛。刀额新对虾苗可比斑节对虾苗适应更低的盐度。斑节对虾苗在从盐度23．18直接降至盐度6．21时,成活率仍可达70％。当虾苗饲养在盐度18．54时,直接放水至海水盐度5．1,成活率为85％。当虾苗在从盐度25．13逐渐淡化到盐度1时,成活率仍有20％～40％。但是,考虑到体重的增重率,虾苗最佳饲养盐度为13．8。刀额新对虾苗从盐度23．18的海水直接放入盐度2以下的海水中,成活率仍有56．7％～63．3％。如果逐渐淡化海水,可在盐度＜2时正常生长。在盐度8．96左右饲养,其体重增重率最佳。上述这两种虾适于河口低盐度地区养殖。在有条件的养成场适当降低盐度,有利其生长。     

凡纳滨对虾常见养殖模式下养殖后期浮游植物及理化因子的变化

对凡纳滨对虾几种常见养殖模式后期的浮游植物及理化因子进行了调查研究,结果表明,浮游植物的群落特征因养殖模式、养殖时间、不同的环境条件等原因变化很大,其群落组成由最少的11种到最多的28种不等;其优势种与次优势种中以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门为主,甲藻门、裸藻门偶有出现,主要优势种有小环藻、波吉卵囊藻、中肋骨条藻、颤藻、林氏藻、裸甲藻、胶球藻、小席藻、腔球藻等,浮游植物群落的生物多样性由高至低依次为高位池分级精养模式、海水土池粗养模式、低盐度养殖模式、咸淡水半精养模式、工厂化集约养殖模式、高位池集约养殖模式,多样性指数与优势度呈显著的负相关,而与均匀度呈显著的正相关。细胞密度485.9×104~35459.8×104L-1,在高密度精养模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化在早期呈负相关,在后期则几乎同步增长;在低密度养殖模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化始终呈负相关。各养殖模式pH值的变化与浮游植物的密度呈正相关。综合分析表明,高密度养殖宜采用高位池分级精养模式,低密度养殖宜采用海水土池粗养模式。     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.     

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budget of a Polyculture System of Sea Cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus）, Jellyfish （Rhopilema esculenta） and Shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）

The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) budget and the ecological efficiency of a polyculture system of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus), jellyfish(Rhopilema esculenta) and shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were studied in a cofferdam, 120.2 ha in size. The nutrients were supplied by spring tide inflow. In total, 139600 kg N yr-1 and 9730 kg P yr-1 input to the system; while 118900 kg N yr-1 and 2840 kg P yr-1 outflowed from the system concurrently, thus the outflow was 85.7%(N) and 29.2%(P) of inflow. The production of N and P was 889.5 kg yr-1 and 49.28 kg yr-1(sea cucumber) and 204 kg yr-1 and 18.03 kg yr-1(jellyfish and shrimp), respectively. The utilization rate of N and P by polycultured animals was 7.8‰ and 6.9‰, respectively, 21.9% and 38% higher than that of monocultured sea cucumber. Our results indicated that the polyculture system was an efficient culture system of animals and a remediation system of coastal environment as well; it scavenged 14.3% and 70.8% of N and P, respectively. Such an ecological efficiency may be improved further by increasing either the stocking density or the size of sea cucumber or both.     

仿刺参养殖区泥样中灿烂弧菌拮抗菌的快速筛选及其保护作用

采用不同培养基和泥样加热方法,从红岛仿刺参养殖区泥样中分离出27株可培养细菌,对其进行16SrRNA基因序列分析。发现海泥中可培养细菌多分布于γ-变形菌纲(γ-proteobacteria)(占总菌数的71.4%),其中包括假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)等;80℃加热处理20min,海泥中可培养细菌多属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。人工浸泡感染实验发现,泥样中灿烂弧菌LJ08(Vibrio splendidus)对仿刺参幼参具有致病性。泥样中分离获得的可培养细菌经安全性、抑菌活性和毒性检测,筛选出对灿烂弧菌LJ08有明显抑菌作用的LJ03、LJ04和LJ06并用其进行人工拮抗实验。统计分析显示,添加LJ03和LJ06拮抗组的累计排脏率分别为(36.11±4.81)%和(2.78±4.81)%,与仅添加灿烂弧菌LJ08的阳性对照组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,LJ03和LJ06具有很好保护仿刺参幼参的作用,尤其LJ06对仿刺参幼参的排脏保护率达104.7%。作为拮抗灿烂弧菌的潜在有益菌,LJ06在仿刺参养殖中将有良好的应用前景。