庆康灵6号药物对中国对虾免疫力的作用

养殖的中国对虾用尖加０．３％主康灵６号的０实验饲料进行了１８天投喂,在停止投喂实验饲料后的第２、８、１３天分别测定了对虾血淋巴淋巴、血浆的抗菌活力和血细胞溶解物的酚氧化酶活力。     

白斑综合症杆状病毒致病性特征

对白斑综合症杆状病毒（ＷＳＢＶ）致病性特征的研究结果表明：ＷＳＢＶ的致病性与斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ个体大小无关,ＷＳＢＶ的致病力与感染方式和病毒数量有关;在盐度为１４、温度为２８－３２℃的海水中,游离ＷＳＢＶ在４ｈ内失去感染活性;体长７ｃｍ的白斑综合症死亡斑节对虾,其携带的ＷＳＢＶ在５７ｈ失去感染活性;体长７ｃｍ死亡斑节对虾经２８℃空气干燥,其携带的ＷＳＢＶ在５０ｈ失去感染活性;ＷＳＢＶ不能通过体表感染健康斑节对虾,而斑节对虾摄食一定数量病毒才能导致感染;水不能作为游离ＷＳＢＶ的载体传播ＷＳＢＶ。     

南海西北部水域斑节对虾资源的调查研究

1989－1991年对南海西北部水域进行斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon资源专项调查。结果表明,斑节对虾的密集分布区在海南岛东部和南部海区,其现存资源量为82．6万尾,周年有体长30mm以下的幼虾出现。主要产卵期在9－12月。产卵场在海南岛东部和南部水深30-60m的海区。     

二温式RT-PCR检测对虾Taura综合征病毒的研究

设计了一对能扩增大小为231bp对虾Taura综合征病毒(TSV)某段基因的特异性引物,优化建立了能快速检测TSV的二温式RT-PCR。特异性和敏感性试验结果表明。二温式RT-PCR能对3个试验用TSV毒株的RNA进行扩增,并得到与预期大小一致的231bp的扩增产物,而其它3种对虾病原则无相同大小的特异性扩增产物出现;RT-PCR最低能检测到1pg的TSV RNA。应用RT-PCR对320份分别来自广西沿海不同对虾养殖场的对虾样品进行检测,结果共有85份检出TSV。说明TSV在广西沿海地区养殖对虾中已呈现出区域性流行趋势。同时也显示了RT-PCR在TSV临床检测中具有较高的实用性。     

淡化速度和幅度对凡纳对虾幼体存活和活力的影响

进行了淡化速度、幅度对凡纳对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的影响试验,结果表明：每36h和24h降低盐度2～3的两种淡化速度,对虾苗存活率较高,分别为86．7％和83．3％;淡化时间分别为396h和264h。每12h降低盐度2～3的淡化速度,从盐度29．7降至16．3,存活率为90．0％;从盐度16．3降至0,成活率为60.3％。每次降幅为1．3～1．4和2．6～2．7时,最终存活率较高,最终淡化到纯淡水中的存活率分别为83.3％和80．0％。每次降幅度为5.3～5．4时,在降到19．0以前,存活率都还较高,但此后的效果不佳,淡化至淡水时,成活率仅为53.3％。     

Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon,Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China

Variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.     

广东湛江南美白对虾价值链实证研究

文章采用实地调研法对广东湛江2018—2019年南美白对虾价值链的价值活动、增值结构及其形成原因进行深入剖析。研究发现:①在湛江南美白对虾价值链的育苗、养殖、批发和零售等环节中,养殖环节增值贡献率最高,为50.5%,利润分配最低仅25.6%;零售环节增值率低,仅为31.1%,利润比例分配却最高,高达51.8%;②造成养殖户投入高、收益低的原因包括养殖成本高、苗种质量不稳定、养殖户组织化程度低、议价能力差等。鉴于以上原因,建议：实行集约化和规模化养殖;加强种苗研发,提高种苗质量;大力发展专业合作社,提高养殖户议价能力;调节对虾价值链的利润合理分配,以促进渔民增收和产业健康发展。     

饲料中铜离子对斑节对虾血细胞组成、活性和免疫功能的影响

以不同铜离子添加量(0, 10, 25, 40, 55 和110 mg/kg)的饲料喂养斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)8 周,测定对虾的血细胞总数(THC), 并应用流式细胞术测定血细胞中含颗粒细胞(小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞)的比例、血细胞凋亡率、活性氧(ROS)含量和酯酶活性。结果显示, 当铜添加量为10～55 mg/kg 时, 与对照组相比, 对虾的THC、血细胞凋亡率、ROS 含量和酯酶活性均没有显著的变化(P>0.05); 铜添加量为25～110 mg/kg 时, 含颗粒细胞的比例显著提高(P<0.05); 铜添加量为110 mg/kg 时, ROS 含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05), 血细胞凋亡率高于25 和55 mg/kg 组(P<0.05), THC 低于55 mg/kg 组(P<0.05), 酯酶活性低于25mg/kg 组(P<0.05)。这些结果表明, 适宜的饲料铜含量有利于两类颗粒细胞的生成; 铜添加过量(110 mg/kg)会诱导血细胞ROS 的产生, 造成氧化损伤, 从而导致凋亡率上升和THC 下降。综上所述, 在本实验日粮条件下, 针对斑节对虾的血细胞功能, 其饲料中铜适宜添加含量范围为25～55mg/kg。     

Peptidomic analysis of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) hemolymph by magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS

Peptides in shrimp hemolymph play an important role in the innate immune response.Analysis of hemolymph will help to detect and identify potential novel biomarkers of microbial infection.We used magnetic bead-based purification(ClinProt system) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) to characterize shrimp hemolymph peptides.Shrimp serum and plasma were used as the source of samples for comparative analysis,and it was found that serum was more suitable for shrimp hemolymph peptidomic analysis.To screen potential specific biomarkers in serum of immune-challenged shrimps,we applied magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS to serum samples from 10 immune-challenged and 10 healthy shrimps.The spectra were analyzed using FlexAnalysis 3.0 and ClinProTools 2.1 software.Thirteen peptide peaks significantly different between the two groups were selected as candidate biomarkers of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-infection.The diagnostic model established by genetic algorithm using five of these peaks was able to discriminate LPS-challenged shrimps from healthy control shrimps with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%.Our approach in MALDITOF MS-based peptidomics is a powerful tool for screening bioactive peptides or biomarkers derived from hemolymph,and will help to enable a better understanding of the innate immune response of shrimps.