Total mercury in terrestrial systems (air-soil-plant-water) at the mining region of San Joaquín,Queretaro, Mexico

Deficient management of cinnabar mining left the San Joaquín region with high concentrations of mercury in its soils (2.4 – 4164 mg kg^-1). Numerous cinnabar mines have contributed to the dispersion of mercury into agricultural (0.5 –314 mg kg^-1) and forest (0.2 – 69 mg kg^-1) soils. Sediments are a natural means of transportation for mercury, causing its spreading, especially in areas near mine entrances (0.6 – 687 mg kg^-1). The nearness of maize crops to mines favors mercury accumulation in the different plant structures, such as roots, stems, leaves, and grain (0.04 – 8.2 mg kg^-1); these being related to mercury volatilization and accumulation in soils. Mercury vapor present in the settlements could indicate a constant volatilization from lands and soils (22 – 153 ng m^-3). The mercury levels found in the soils, in maize grain, and in the air resulted greater than the standards reported by the Official Mexican Norm (NOM) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Mercury in rainwater is due mainly to the presence of suspended atmospheric particles, later deposited on the surface (1.5 – 339 μg |^-1). Mercury dissolution was found in the drinking water (10 – 170 ng |^-1), with concentrations below those established by the NOM and the WHO. The contamination existing in the San Joaquín region does not reach the levels of the world’s greatest mercury producers: Almaden (Spain) and Idrija (Slovenia). It is, however, like that found in other important second degree world producers such as Guizhou (China). The population of San Joaquín, as well as its surrounding environment, are constantly exposed to mercury contamination, thus making a long term monitoring necessary to determine its effects, especially to people.     

金矿焙烧工艺生产处理液中汞测量不确定度的评定

本文针对原子荧光对金矿焙烧工艺生产中汞处理液的测定,找出了影响其测量不确定度的因素,建立了数学模型,计算出各不确定度的分量,求出合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。     

原子荧光法测量痕量汞的预处理实验

用原子荧光法测量地质样品中痕量汞,对两种不同的预处理方案进行了试验。通过国家一级地球化学标准物质中汞的测定,试验证实预处理时加入高锰酸钾的样品测量值更接近于标准值。     

水浴消解-顺序注射-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中砷和汞

采用水浴加热低温消解浸取铁矿石样品,顺序注射-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石样品中砷和汞的含量.选择了消解试剂,研究了硼氢化钾浓度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量、溶液酸介质、载流、溶液酸碱比例、样品中的主要基体元素等因素对砷和汞测定的干扰,并确立了适宜的测定条件.砷浓度在0～100 μg/L与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,砷的...     

Relocation effects of dredged marine sediments on mercury geochemistry: Venice lagoon,Italy

Understanding the biogeochemical process of Hg is critical in the overall evaluation of the ecological impacts resulting from the reuse of Hg-contaminated dredged sediment. Sediment banks (V1 and V2) were constructed with freshly dredged sediments from a navigational channel in Venice Lagoon, Italy, with the goal of clarifying potential differences in the biogeochemistry of Hg between the reused dredged sediments and those from surrounding sites (SS1 and S2). Toward this purpose, Hg and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations, and Hg methylation rates (MMRs) in the surface 2.5 cm sediments were monitored, along with ammonium, iron, sulfate and sulfide concentrations in the pore waters of banks and surrounding sites from November 2005 to February 2007. Pore water analyses indicate that the bank sediments are characterized by lower levels of sulfate and iron, and by higher levels of ammonium and sulfide compared to the surrounding sediments. With respect to Hg speciation, the fractions of MMHg in total Hg (%MMHg/Hg) and the MMRs were significantly lower in the bank V1 compared to those in the reference site SS1, whereas the %MMHg/Hg and the MMRs were similar between V2 and S2. A negative correlation is found between the logarithm of the particle-water partition coefficient of Hg and the MMR, indicating that the reduced MMRs in V1 are caused by the limited concentrations of dissolved Hg. Organic matter appears to play a key role in the control of MMR via the control of Hg solubility.     

膨胀土干湿循环过程孔径分布试验研究及其应用

采用压汞法对膨胀土干湿循环过程孔隙大小分布的演化规律进行了试验研究,结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,膨胀土的总孔隙体积、孔隙率和平均孔径等微结构参数均递增;分析了试验结果产生偏差的原因,其一是干湿循环过程中膨胀土试样的体积收缩,其二是孔隙形状和测试压力有限的影响,在此基础上对试验数据进行了合理修正。结合毛细管模型,利用修正的孔径分布曲线推算了膨胀土干湿循环过程中的土-水特征曲线,并分析了干湿循环过程中基质吸力的变化规律：以含水率28%为分界点,含水率大于该值时基质吸力随循环次数N的增加而线性递增,含水率小于该值时基质吸力随循环次数N的增加而线性递减;在此基础上,建立了基质吸力与循环次数之间的关系,为解释膨胀土力学特性的干湿循环效应开辟了一条新途径。     

Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) transport and processing in littoral interstices – use of fluorescent markers

A fluorescent labelling method is presented as a new tool for the investigation of organic particle transport and biogenic carbon cycling processes in sandy littoral interstices at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany. Passive particle transport through the pore system was studied by in situ exposition of 2.4 μm monodisperse polymeric resin microparticles stained with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Uptake of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Chlorella vulgaris and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) by the interstitial fauna was investigated in laboratory and field experiments. The major portion (>85%) of the FITC-labelled particles added to sediment cores was recovered from the topmost centimetre of sediment during the study period of 14 days. Uptake of FITC-labelled FPOM was observed in several benthic groups, e.g. chironomids, microcrustaceans, oligochaetes and tardigrads, whereas C. vulgaris was ingested by oligochaetes only. There is evidence to suggest that both are suitable materials for investigating the fragmentation and ingestion of organic material by herbivorous and detritivorous fauna. Field experiments with inert microparticles and FITC-labelled FPOM (<1 mm) prepared from dried alder leaves were carried out in plexiglass tubes as in situ whole core technique. Within the investigation period of two weeks, the transport of FPOM was restricted to the topmost 2–3 cm of sediment in conjunction with a distinct fragmentation to finer size classes with respect to increasing sediment depth. Vertical FPOM transport was hindered by a high interstitial concentration of natural POM and an intensive settlement of the interstices by algae (mainly epispammic algae, 65–96% of algae cell number) and extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS), which formed a dense three-dimensional structure.     

青海省苦海汞矿床形成条件及成因探讨

苦海汞矿床是位于东昆仑造山带南带东段上的大型含金汞矿床。围岩为一套滨海-浅海相富含碳质碳酸盐（石英砂岩）建造。矿体受地层和构造联合控制,一般产在褶皱的层间剥离裂隙、构造裂隙及节理中,或产于褶皱翼部的断裂破碎带内。矿床成矿流体以建造水和大气降水为主,并可能有岩浆热液的加入。成矿流体盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.90%～5.70%,密度为0.78～0.97 g/cm³;流体包裹体均一温度为118.8～291.6 ℃;成矿压力约43.24 MPa,成矿深度为4.56 km。研究表明,该区下二叠统含碳地层提供了主要的成矿物质,晚三叠世受构造造山作用及相应的岩浆侵入所驱动的热液流体活化了矿质,并迁移至褶皱带层间剥离裂隙等部位沉淀成矿。总体上,该矿床为一受构造和地层联合控制的中偏低温热液矿床,相当于造山型金矿系列的浅成矿床。     

福州市大气汞含量及变化特征分析

在福州市采集了10个点位共356件大气样品,测试结果表明,福州市大气汞含量35.82~586.11 ng/m3,各点平均值89.86~168.24 ng/m3,总平均111.9 ng/m3,大气汞含量空间变化特征表明高含量点与地热活动带在空间上相吻合。     

Potential Atmospheric Transport Pathways for Mercury Measured in the Canadian High Arctic

Large-scale transport pathways for atmospheric gaseous mercury emitted from surrounding source regions to reach the Alert sampling site located at the Northwest Territories of Canada between August 1992 and August 1993 were investigated. The 12-month atmospheric mercury data set comprises blank-corrected total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations collected on gold-coated sand traps during one-week long sampling intervals. For TGM concentrations above the 12-month mean TGM level, the analysis reveals regions in Eastern Europe (close to East Germany and Poland), areas on Northeastern America in Canada (Northwest Territories), and central Siberia of the former U.S.S.R. Identification of the physical locations of the emission sources was limited by the temporal resolution of weekly averaged data; however, major atmospheric pathways of mercury transport to the Arctic were successfully resolved. The objective of this note is to demonstrate that the potential source contribution function could be applied to resolve the sources and recover transport pathways of atmospheric mercury over a large scale.