中国北方四条河口的汞——以大辽河、鸭绿江、滦河、东村河为例

分别于1989年，1992年，1991年8月，1991年5月对大辽河口、鸭绿江口、滦河口、东村河口水体中总汞进行了取样和分析，其中又对大辽河口和东村河口进行了溶解态汞的分析。大辽河口和东村河口溶解态汞的含量分别为85～460ng/L和180～500ng/L，平均值分别为210和324ng/L；总汞含量分别为95～550和400～1000ng/L，平均值分别为310和640ng/L。大辽河河流段和河口段溶解态汞和颗粒态汞是主要存在形式。河口溶解态汞和颗粒态汞随氯度变化趋势相似。东村河口溶解态汞约占50%。鸭绿江口和滦河口总汞含量分别为30～2500和3700～6700ng/L，平均值分别为700和5700ng/L。鸭绿江口总汞随氯度变化趋势与随浊度变化趋势一致。而在滦河口总汞含量随两者变化趋势则不同。还讨论了滦河口、东村河口、鸭绿江口和大辽河口汞的污染程度。     

巯基棉富集分离—冷原子吸收法测定天然水中痕量汞

用巯基棉富集水中痕量汞,用饱和氯化钠的盐酸溶液解吸,冷原子吸收法测定。当水样取１ Ｌ时,最低检测浓度可达０－００３ μｇ／Ｌ,方法相对标准偏差为３－８ ％ ～６－９ ％ ,巯基棉汞平均回收率为９１－１％ 。该法操作简单、快速、富集倍数大,适用于天然水中痕量汞的分析。     

壤中气汞测量在活断层研究中的应用

利用JM—3型数字金膜测汞仪对渭河盆地活动断层进行壤中气汞测量,取得了初步结果。认为,壤中气汞异常与活动断层存在着密切的关系,通过测汞寻找隐伏活动断层,判定断层活动性是可行的。     

内蒙甲生盘层控硫铅锌矿床汞的岩石地球化学特征

本文以526个岩石样品的Hg、Zn测定及闪锌矿单矿物Hg的热释温度测定为基础,探讨了甲生盘层控硫铅锌矿床Hg的岩石地球化学异常特征,提出了以Hg×100/Zn为指标研究成矿后侵入体的热力对Hg的驱赶作用的可能性。从岩体向外250m的距离内,该比值逐渐从2升高到7。原生Hg异常的研究有利于解释该地壤中汞气异常的形成。已经证实,壤中汞气测量对寻找这类矿床是有效的。     

Mercury in the Tinto-Odiel Estuarine System (Gulf of Cádiz, Spain): Sources and Dispersion

The Tinto and Odiel are small rivers draining one of the largest sulphide deposits in the world. As a result of these deposits and a large industrial complex, the adjacent marine area receives a high amount of metal input. Mercury distribution in the Tinto-Odiel estuary, the Huelva Ría and the Gulf of Cádiz was assessed in water and suspended particulatematter (SPM) and sediments. In the rivers and estuaries, dissolved (HgD)and particulate (HgP) mercury showed wide variations (13 to 200 pM and0.3 to 330 nmol g^-1 respectively) depending on the presence or notof sulphidic waters, phosphogypsum deposits, detrital pyrite and oxyhydroxides.In the Ría, concentrations were lower than 10 pM and 4.5 nmol g^-1 for HgD and HgP respectively. In surface waters of the Gulf of Cádiz, the average HgD concentration (pm standard deviation) was 2.9 pm 0.9 pM, which is similar to that of North Atlantic Central Waters. The surface sediments collected in the rivers, the Ría and the Gulf showed systematically enriched mercury compared to pre-industrial levels. Vertical mercury profiles in dated sediment cores were typical of anthropogenically influenced environments starting in the early Roman age. These distribution features suggest that most of the Hg discharged by the Huelva Ría is trapped in the sediments of the Gulf of Cádiz.     

大气环境中汞污染的研究进展

总结了大气环境中汞污染的研究进展，包括大气环境中汞的来源、汞在大气环境中的化学演化和环境效应；介绍运用环境地球物理方法在大气颗粒汞研究的初步结果，并就我国汞污染研究提出有关建议。     

应用壤中气汞量测量找金的效果——以湖南青京寨、三德堂金矿为例

湖南青京寨和三德堂分别为破碎带蚀变岩型，残积红土型金矿床。地表存在较厚的残（坡）积覆盖层，应用壤中气汞量测量法寻找隐伏含Au构造蚀变带及金矿体。区内气汞异常带及其峰值与隐伏含Au构造蚀变带及金矿体具有较好的对应性，利用这种对应性并结合区内地质，地球化学特征，施工适当的工程进行验证。在青京寨对6条气汞异常带进行工程揭露验证，各带均发现含Au蚀变带。三德常矿区圈定的金异异常与气汞异常基本一致。壤中气汞量测量法不仅适有于寻找中代温热液型金矿床，而且也适于寻找刚化残积型金矿床。     

The effects of surface area, grain size and mineralogy on organic matter sedimentation and preservation across the modern Squamish Delta, British Columbia: the potential role of sediment surface area in the formation of petroleum source rocks

Surface sediment samples were collected from the Squamish River Delta, British Columbia, in order to determine the role of sediment surface area in the preservation of organic matter (OM) in a paralic sedimentary environment. The Squamish Delta is an actively prograding delta, located at the head of Howe Sound.Bulk total organic carbon (TOC) values across the Squamish Delta are low, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 wt.%. The carbon/total nitrogen ratio (C_org/N) ranges from 6 to 17, which is attributed to changes in OM type and facies variations. The <25-μm fraction has TOC concentrations up to 2.0 wt.%, and a C_org/N ratio that ranges from 14 to 16. The 53–106-μm fraction has higher TOC concentrations and C_org/N ratios relative to the 25–53-μm fraction. The C_org/N ratio ranges from 9 to 18 in the 53–106-μm fraction and 5.5–10.5 in the 25–53-μm fraction. Surface area values for bulk sediments are low (0.5–3.0 m²/g) due to the large proportion of silt size material. Good correlation between surface area and TOC in bulk samples suggests that OM is adsorbed to mineral surfaces. Similar relationships between surface area and TOC were observed in size-fractionated samples. Mineralogy and elemental composition did not correlate with TOC concentration.The relationships between surface area, TOC and total nitrogen (TN) can be linked to the hydrodynamic and sedimentological conditions of the Squamish Delta. As a result, the Squamish Delta is a useful modern analogue for the formation of petroleum source rocks in ancient deltaic environments, where TOC concentrations are often significantly lower than those in source rocks formed in other geological settings.     

Total and methylmercury in a Brazilian estuary,Rio de Janeiro

Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro state, is impacted by organic matter, oil and heavy metals. The present study evaluated the total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations and the MeHg to THg ratio (%MeHg) in water samples from different points of the bay and in 245 organisms of three different trophic levels sampled between 1990 and 2000. Dissolved mercury concentration in estuarine water samples ranged from 0.72 to 5.23 ngl(-1). THg and MeHg in mussel, ranging from 11.6 to 53.5 microg THg kg(-1) wet wt. and 4.5-21.0 microg MeHg kg(-1) wet wt., varied according to sampling point and water quality. Planktivorous fish and mussel presented similar MeHg concentrations, meanwhile THg in planktivorous fish were lower than in mussel. Carnivorous fish showed higher THg and MeHg concentrations (199.5 +/- 119.3, 194.7 +/- 112.7 microg kg(-1) wet wt. respectively) than organisms from other feeding habits and lower trophic levels. There was a significant difference in the %MeHg among trophic levels: mussel presented lower MeHg percentage (33%) than planktivorous fish (54%) and carnivorous fish (98%).