Phase distribution of tidal constituents around New Zealand

The phase distributions of the M₂, S₂, K₁, and O₁ tidal constituents around New Zealand are plotted from existing harmonic analyses of tidal heights. Both semidiurnal constituents exhibit a complete 360° range of phase around New Zealand, with complex areas of rapid phase change through or near the strait separating the two main islands. The K₁ amphidrome and that for O₁, which previously were thought to be centred on New Zealand, are shown to be located cast of New Zealand. The distributions plotted highlight areas where tidal observations are lacking.     

Comparison of catches on two types of collector of recently settled stages of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus), Florida,United States

This study compared catches of Panulirus argus pueruli and very young juveniles between Hunt and Sandwich collectors at Long and Big Munson Keys, Florida, United States. Catch comparisons were made over the peak puerulus settlement period between February and July 2002, using six Sandwich and six Hunt collectors at each site. The collectors were set out in arrays and the relative positions of the two collector types were reversed each month after they had been checked and the catch removed. A total of 3470 pueruli and juveniles were collected; 2011 and 1459 by Sandwich and Hunt collectors, respectively. Sandwich collectors caught an average of 5.43 more pueruli and juveniles per check than Hunt collectors, with this difference being significant for catches of clear pueruli (P1s), pigmented pueruli (P3s), and juvenile stages (J1s and J2s) (P < 0.05), but not for catches of semi‐pigmented pueruli (P2s). The catches made by both collector types were highly dependant on the month of collection and site of the collectors (P < 0.01). Catches were generally not influenced by the location of the collector in the array (P = 0.50), but corner collectors caught significantly fewer P1s, P2s, P3s, and J1s and J2s than all other collectors (P < 0.01). Conditioning time influenced the total catch (P < 0.01) but was not significant for all individual P1s, P2s, P3s, and J1s and J2s stages of development. Overall, the time taken for collectors to condition in Florida was less than the Sandwich collectors used for P. cygnus in Western Australia.     

红外三级鉴定法快速鉴别龙虾的4个品种

为鉴别不同龙虾(Panulirus),作者选用一维红外光谱(FTIR)、二阶导数谱(SDIR)和二维相关红外光谱(2DIR)来逐步提高谱图的分辨率,使得4个品种的差异性逐渐明显。结果表明:在一维谱图上,波士顿龙虾(Homarus americanus)没有酰胺Ⅱ带的特征峰;日本龙虾(Panulirus japonicus)在1 333 cm–1处有尖峰。在二阶导数谱上,日本龙虾在1 333 cm–1处尖峰更明显,且在1 535cm–1处有吸收峰,与其他品种的差异表现得更明显。波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)在1 567cm–1处有尖峰,锦绣龙虾(Panulirus ornatus)在1 567 cm–1处的峰弱而不明显,故可以区分出波纹龙虾和锦绣龙虾。在二维相关红外谱图上,进一步佐证了4种龙虾所含的氨基酸、蛋白质在种类和含量上有所差异。所以红外三级鉴定法可以对龙虾进行快速、有效的鉴别。     

Ca2+, Mg2+对中国龙虾叶状幼体存活、变态的影响

龙虾是高级海产品,经济价值很高.龙虾的发育要经过叶状幼体、游龙虾幼体、稚龙虾和成体龙虾几个阶段.在龙虾幼体的培育中,叶状幼体生长、蜕皮、变态所需时间最长.影响叶状幼体存活、变态的因子较多,除了温度、盐度、光照以及铒料的质量、数量之外,还与海水中的矿物元素等有关.在矿物元素中Ca2+,Mg2+作用显得比较突出.龙虾蜕壳、生长与体内的Ca2+,Mg2+积累有关,Ca2+,Mg2+对龙虾幼体的营养物质和能量代谢极为重要.龙虾幼体在蜕皮生长的过程中需要足够的钙、镁来满足体壳(皮)的更新和机体的生长所需.     

饥饿对中国龙虾叶状幼体Ⅰ期发育、摄食及存活的影响

中国龙虾叶状幼体Ⅰ期在饥饿条件下的生长发育、变态、存活的研究结果表明:初孵叶状幼体耐饥饿能力较强,完全饥饿144h,成活率为100%,饥饿192～216h,成活率为76%～68%.由生长和变态来看,推迟24～36h投饵,对叶状幼体Ⅰ期的生长没有明显影响.在摄食饵料方面,初孵幼体饥饿144h,仍然有55%的幼体具有摄食能力.饥饿24～120h的初期叶状幼体摄食卤虫幼体的大小(体长为349.5～604.9μm)可达到自身体长的1/2～1/3.当叶状幼体连续摄饵时间达60h,体内储存一定的营养后,即使不再喂食,幼体也能变态,但变态率较低.由间隔投饵效果来看,每隔8,16,24h投饵,幼体的发育变态差异不大.这些研究结果对开展龙虾基础生物学与人工育苗技术研究,提高育苗成活率将有一定的参考意义.     

波纹龙虾呼吸系统组织学和组织化学的研究

利用光镜对波纹龙虾(Panulirushomarus)呼吸器官——鳃的横切面进行组织学研究。结果表明,鳃的外层由两层角质膜和一层立方上皮构成;鳃的背方上下排列的2个管腔分别为出鳃血管和入鳃血管,腹方为结缔组织膜形成的鳃轴;鳃丝内有流入沟、流出沟和由结缔组织形成的纵走隔膜。采用Feulgen法等6种方法,对角质膜、鳃上皮、鳃丝、鳃轴、出鳃血管和入鳃血管等结构分别进行了组织化学研究。     

华贵栉孔扇贝→中国龙虾的麻痹性贝类毒素传递与代谢研究

麻痹性贝类毒素(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning,PSP)是目前已知的赤潮生物毒素中,发生次数最频繁、对人类影响最严重的一种[1].以往的监测数据表明,PSP可以沿食物网进行传递、积累和代谢,结果不仅使直接营滤食生活的贝类、草食性鱼类等含毒,而且可能使更高营养级的生物染毒,如常见的水产甲壳类,甚至包括一些海洋哺乳动物[2,3].总的来说,国内对PSP在生物体内的传递和代谢研究起步较晚,相关报道主要见于近5年,内容基本集中在实验室条件下PSP沿藻类→贝类体内的积累、转化与排出[4~6].而国外在该领域的研究要更深入且涉及的范围亦更广.     

中国龙虾卵子发生及卵巢发育的组织学研究

采用组织学方法研究了中国龙虾(Panulirus stimpsoni)的卵子发生、卵巢结构和发育.根据卵细胞的大小、形状、核仁的形态及数目、卵黄颗粒的积累情况、卵母细胞与滤泡细胞的关系等,可将卵子的发生分为卵原细胞、卵黄发生前卵母细胞、卵黄发生卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞等四个时期;卵巢壁由结缔组织外膜和内生殖上皮构成,生殖上皮分化产生卵原细胞和滤泡细胞;卵巢的结构单位是卵母细胞发育区.根据卵巢的体积、颜色和主体卵细胞的类型等,可将中国龙虾的卵巢发育分为形成期、发育期、将成熟期、成熟期和恢复期共五期.     

盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响

利用室内实验生态学方法研究不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾的呼吸和排泄的影响.结果表明:不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(p <0.05).盐度为18~34时,波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率先下降再升高,盐度26和30时较小,耗氧率分别为0.1305±0.0105 mg/(g·h)和0.1314±0.0052 mg/(g·h),排氨率分别为0.1733±0.0039 mg/(g·h)和0.1724±0.0044 mg/(g·h).波纹龙虾耗氧量(MO)和排氨量(MN)与体质量(m)呈正相关,而耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体质量呈负相关,其关系式可表示为:MO =1.4921 m 0.4190和MN=1.1295 m 0.6988;RO=2.9333 m -0.7343和RN=1.1291 m -0.3011.