长牡蛎nacrein 基因的克隆、结构及进化分析

首次在长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中克隆得到一种新的贝壳基质蛋白nacrein-like protein F3的全长c DNA序列。nacrein-like protein F3基因c DNA全长1499bp,其中编码区长度为1242bp,编码一条含413个氨基酸残基的多肽链。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)nacrein的同源蛋白,含有1个保守的α-碳酸酐酶结构域,但由于重复结构域的插入,α-碳酸酐酶结构域被间隔成2个亚结构域。系统进化分析显示nacrein-like protein F3与贻贝(Mytilus californianus)nacrein-like protein进化关系最近。此外,在软体动物中,双壳纲nacrein-like proteins进化速度相对较快,推测与寒武纪时期剧烈的环境变化有关,如影响贝壳形成的海水化学变化。     

Influence of Tropical Western Pacific Warm Pool Thermal State on the Interdecadal Change of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in the Late-1990s

An interdecadal shift in the onset date of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) is identified during the late 1990 s by using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis dataset. The mean onset date was brought forward by two pentads during 1999–2013 compared to that during 1979–1998. The large-scale atmospheric and oceanic change associated with this shift exhibits a significant interdecadal variation signal around 1998/1999, indicating that the shift during the late 1990 s is robust. Different from the well-known mid-1990 s shift, this shift carried more important systematical significance. Diagnostic analysis suggests that the earlier outbreak of the SCSSM was due to the interdecadal warming of the warm pool, which brought stronger convection anomalies and led to a weak western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) during boreal spring(March–May). The earlier retreat of the WPSH was a direct cause of this shift.     

冬季海温异常影响北太平洋东部型风暴轴的数值试验

最强中心出现在160°W以东地区的北太平洋风暴轴定义为东部型风暴轴,针对这种短期气候异常现象,利用大气环流模式CAM 3.0对其可能的外部强迫机制进行探究,主要关注赤道中东部和黑潮海区正、负海温异常的影响。结果表明:赤道海区负海温异常对风暴轴东部型的出现有重要意义,当该海区海温为负(正)异常且黑潮海区海温正(负)异常时,风暴轴表现为东(西)部型。风暴轴在中、东太平洋地区低层斜压性的增强,是太平洋风暴轴中、东端天气尺度涡动活动增强的主要原因。当出现东部型时,北太平洋东部区域急流强度增强,涡动斜压增长偏强,涡动的热量和动量输送加强,风暴轴和急流的反馈也加强;反之亦然。冬季赤道海区引起的大气响应范围较广,而黑潮海区的影响较为局地,尤其是黑潮海区的负异常主要影响风暴轴入口区域,表现为关于海温异常强迫的符号非对称性。     

热带太平洋海平面高度的年代际异常及其与中国东部夏季降水的关系

利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局的GODAS逐月海平面高度资料、NCEP/NCAR 850 h Pa逐月风场再分析资料和中国160站逐月降水资料,分析了热带太平洋海平面高度(Sea Surface Height,SSH)年代际异常的时空特征,并进一步分析了夏季热带太平洋SSH、850 h Pa风场与中国东部夏季降水年代际异常的相关关系。结果表明:1)从秋到冬,热带太平洋SSH年代际异常主要空间形态向类"ENSO"型异常发展,从春到夏,类"ENSO"型异常逐渐减弱直到消失。1996前后热带太平洋SSH发生一次显著年代际转折,转折之后热带太平洋SSH呈东低西高特征,不同季节有所差异。2)1990年前后夏季热带太平洋SSH发生的一次弱波动,持续影响夏季大气环流,使得1992年前后东亚夏季风出现减弱趋势,造成中国东部黄河以南地区,特别是华南夏季降水显著异常偏多,四川盆地和东北大部降水异常偏少;1996年SSH的实质性转折加剧了中国夏季降水的年代际异常趋势。     

ENSO预测的目标观测敏感区在热带太平洋海温的多模式集合预报中的应用

本文将ENSO预测的目标观测敏感区与多模式集合预报方法相结合, 提出了一种能够有效提高预报技巧且又具有较小计算成本的多模式集合预报方法。该方法在目标观测敏感区内采用模式不等权的多模式超级集合预报方法(SUP), 而在其他区域采用相对简单的等权的多模式消除偏差集合平均方法(BREM)。利用CMIP5中15个气候系统模式的工业革命前参照试验(pi-Control)数据, 针对热带太平洋海温的长期演变开展了理想预报试验。将新集合预报方法与现有的多模式集合预报方法进行了比较。结果表明, 在所考察的预报期内(即1～20年), 新集合预报方法与整个热带太平洋区域使用SUP方法具有相当的预报技巧, 但前者的计算成本明显小于后者, 计算时间仅为后者的1/4。可见, 新方法是一个具有较高预报技巧且计算成本较小的多模式集合预报方法。同时, 其较高的预报技巧强调了热带太平洋SST预测对ENSO目标观测敏感区内的模式误差也是极端敏感的, 也正因如此, 多模式集合预报方法才能够有效过滤模式误差的影响, 具有较高的预报技巧。     

副热带东南太平洋海温对东北夏季降水的影响及可能机制

诊断分析表明,前期副热带东南太平洋海温尤其是前春海温与东北夏季降水存在持续稳定的负相关关系。无论是在年际时间尺度还是年代际尺度上,冬、春、夏季海温演变趋势与降水均呈反位相。尺度分离结果显示,关键区海温与降水的显著负相关主要依赖于其年代际分量,但年际分量也起到较重要贡献。相关分析和合成分析结果都发现,当副热带东南太平洋海温偏低时,其上空可激发出反气旋式距平风场,而在关键区海域西北部激发出气旋式距平环流。同时在所罗门群岛和菲律宾南部分别出现反气旋式和气旋式距平环流。西太平洋副热带高压(副高)位置较常年偏西,副高区为反气旋式距平环流。在东北地区西侧则为气旋式距平环流。在这样的环流背景下,副高西侧的南风加强了源自南海和西太平洋的暖湿气流和北方冷空气在东北地区的交汇,从而使东北夏季多雨。反之,当东南太平洋海温偏高时,其激发的气旋及反气旋距平中心和偏低年刚好相反,副高位置偏东,其西侧的南方水汽输送偏弱,同时东北冷涡也偏弱,冷暖空气汇合形成的低空辐合弱,东北降水因此偏少。这表明,副热带东南太平洋海温异常时确实能激发出一个从关键海区到东北地区的跨越南北半球的气旋-反气旋交替波列,引发北半球中高纬度大气环流异常,从而影响东北夏季降水。     

Photometry and the determination of oscillation modes for high amplitude Delta Scuti (HADS) variable GSC 1566-2802

CCD photometry observation of a newly discovered, high amplitude Delta Scuti star GSC 1566-2802, with a visible filter, is presented. The observations were carried out at Alborz Observatory located in Mahdasht, Karaj, Iran.The main goal of this project was to update our knowledge of the periodic variations of the target star. This paper covers three analyses, first calculating a new ephemeris and plotting a new light curve based on 19 times of maxima; then a Fourier analysis of the observed data points which results in determining probable oscillation modes, as well as computing its physical parameters which guide us to its harmonics and pulsation modes.     

基于高度计遥感数据的北太平洋中尺度涡提取

针对海洋中尺度涡现象,提出一种基于海平面高度异常数据(SLA)的中尺度涡泛克里金提取算法。该算法运用变差函数工具计算SLA变差场,定义为广义振幅场,再利用泛克里金插值消除数据虚警和噪声,借助广义振幅场与实际振幅的关系通过少数几条特征等值线实现涡旋及其属性的提取。选取北太平洋作为实验区,采用2012年4月的4期SLA进行了中尺度涡的定量提取、分析,共提取出841个中尺度涡(含3个多核涡),包含450个气旋涡和391个反气旋涡;与其他遥感提取方法的对比显示北太平洋中尺度涡的成功检测率接近90%,过度检测率小于20%。结果表明:(1)算法具有省时高效性,通过对SLA场的重构创建广义振幅场,避免了等值线筛选过程,相对于海面高度闭合等值线等其他遥感方法具有判据简单及提取速度快的特性;(2)可靠性好,能够通过推导得出的特征等值线确保稳定的提取准确度;算法建立在发展成熟的等值线提取方法之上,并且有变差函数与泛克里金法的理论支撑;(3)自适应性强,可以对任意海区进行实时的涡旋检测和提取,并且除振幅值统计资料及必要基础数据外无需依赖其他辅助性数据。     

Geochemical speciation and spatial distributions of phosphorus in surface sediments from the basin of the Marcus-Wake seamounts in the western Pacific Ocean

The concentrations of five forms of phosphorus(P) including exchangeable or loosely adsorbed P(Ex-P), Febound P(Fe-P), authigenic P(Auth-P), detrital P(Det-P), and organic P(Org-P) from the basin among the Marcus-Wake seamounts(19.4°–24°N, 156.5°–161.5°E) in the western Pacific Ocean were quantified using a sequential extraction method(SEDEX) to investigate the distribution and sources of different P species.Concentrations of total P(TP) varied from 14.0 μmol/g to 44.1 μmol/g, with an average of...     

The phosphoric acid leak from the wreck of the MV Ece in the English Channel in 2006: Assessment with a ship of opportunity, an operational ecosystem model and historical data

This study evaluates the ship of opportunity (Ferrybox) concept for both sustained monitoring of UK shelf sea waters and numerical model validation. Release of phosphate from the wreck of a chemical tanker (MV Ece) in the western English Channel (49.73 degrees N, 3.25 degrees W) in March 2006 is used to demonstrate the importance of sustained observations in decision support systems and policy development. The Ferrybox system continuously collects sea surface (5m) data from a suite of autonomous electronic sensors installed on a passenger ferry operating year-round between Portsmouth (UK) and Bilbao (Spain). The detection of anomalously high concentrations of phosphate (1.54mmolm(-3), four times the usual level) and onset of phytoplankton growth close to the wreck site in March 2006 was placed in the context of multiple years of measurements (phosphate, nitrate, silicate and chlorophyll) collected from the Ferrybox system (2003-2006) and the long-term time series station E1 (50.03 degrees N, 4.65 degrees W, 1930-1987) in the English Channel. With regard to decision support, release of phosphate from the tanker is unlikely to pose a threat as phytoplankton growth at the end of winter is not unusual in this region and dissolved inorganic nitrogen rather than phosphate (DIN:DIP=10-18) is likely to ultimately limit algal growth in spring 2006. With regard to policy development, the Oslo and Paris (OSPAR) commissions recommendation of sampling every three years in "non-problem areas" is likely to provide statistically inadequate data, given the interannual and decadal variability identified in the Ferrybox and E1 data: the Ferrybox data show that oceanic winter nutrient concentrations varied by 35-50% between 2003/2004 and 2005/2006 due to deeper mixing of water off-shelf in early 2005/2006 and comparisons between the Ferrybox and E1 years show that the western English Channel is currently experiencing a low in phosphate concentrations similar to those in the 1960s. The importance of Ferrybox data in evaluating the reliability of predictive operational models needed in decision support is also demonstrated, by highlighting both strengths and weaknesses in a state-of-the-art ecosystem model designed for UK shelf waters.