利用分形特征量提高土地覆盖分类图精度的研究

为了提高利用卫星图像编制土地覆盖分类图的精度，本研究提出将空间信息（结构特征量、分形特征量）叠加到光谱信息上（原图像），以提高分类精度的方法。利用ＳＰＯＴＨＲＶ图像对此法进行了检验，设立了９个探讨项目，对分类精度进行了比较。结果表明，用分形特征量进行分类时ＰＣＣ从８８．１％上升到了９０．２％。     

西南地区滇金丝猴潜在优先保护区与保护网络识别（英文）

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index(NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.     

Potential priority areas and protection network for Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Southwest China

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves (NRs) (Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (YSM) (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats (PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors (PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index (NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas (PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs (with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.

     

气升式反应器培养集胞藻6803过程中光能利用特性研究

在气升式光生物反应器中,对集胞藻 6803 分批培养条件下的光衰减、平均光强、光的分布以及藻细胞生长对光能的利用特性进行分析.结果表明:Lambert-Beer 定律可较好描述细胞浓度及光程对光衰减的影响;随着藻细胞密度的增加,光生物反应器内平均光强不断减小,藻细胞的比光能吸收速率和比生长速率也不断降低,反应器中"暗区"体积在培养 6 d 后超过总体积的 80%;利用 Pirt 细胞生长生物能量模型描述比生长速率和比光能吸收速率的关系,在入射光强为 58.73 KJ/(m2(h),求得基于光能的细胞得率 YG 和维持系数 m 分别为 9.98×10-3g/kJ和0.445kJ/(g(h).     

Effects of heavy metals （Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋） on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb²⁺) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L Pb²⁺), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb²⁺), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb²⁺, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd²⁺concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC₅₀) values (3.47 mg/L Cd²⁺ and 12.11 mg/L Pb²⁺) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd²⁺ than Pb²⁺. Supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council     

Insertal orientation has no influence on the expression ofgfp gene and the growth of the hostSynechococcus sp. PCC7942

In transgenic process, a foreign gene can be integrated in the host genome in two directions, which may influence its expression. In order to study the effects of insertal orientation, the gfp reporter gene was inserted in the isiAB locus of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 in different directions, and the GFP expression levels and the growth of the transgenic algae were compared. It was showed that the gfp gene could express in each direction, and no significant difference was detected on algal growth and GFP expression levels between the two recombinant algae.     

桩承加筋路堤中路堤与褥垫层共同作用理论分析

从桩承加筋路堤中加筋褥垫层与路堤填土共同作用的实际情况出发,利用弹性力学对路堤填土单元进行了力学平衡分析,同时考虑到加筋褥垫层的工作状态类似于连续梁板的特性,根据PCC桩承加筋路堤的设计参数及现场测试结果,将现浇混凝土薄壁管桩（PCC）桩承加筋路堤中的加筋褥垫层视为弹性薄板,再根据薄板小挠度理论,推导出了桩土差异沉降等计算公式。又根据填土与褥垫层变形协调、应力连续的条件,在忽略褥垫层材料本身压缩量的前提下将加筋褥垫层变形分析与填土变形分析相结合,提出了求解填土等沉面高度、桩土应力、桩土差异沉降的方法,最后通过与现场实测结果对比,验证了方法的正确性。     

PCC桩加固铁路软土地基现场试验研究

铁路相对于公路对承载力和沉降控制都提出了更高的要求。现浇混凝土大直径管桩（PCC桩）技术首次在南京南站联络线铁路工程中应用,为了研究PCC桩加固铁路路基的工作特性,开展了PCC桩加固铁路软土地基的现场检测与监测试验研究。现场检测包含静载试验、低应变检测和开挖检测。现场监测内容为：桩土应力、地基和路堤水平位移、表面沉降、分层沉降、土工格栅张力、孔隙水压力等。质量检测结果表明,PCC桩施工质量良好,承载力达到铁路地基设计要求。现场监测表明,地基沉降在填土结束后3个月稳定,最大水平位移为13 mm,路基沉降稳定快,水平位移小,路堤稳定性高,能满足铁路严格控制沉降和快速施工的要求。研究成果对PCC桩复合地基加固铁路地基的设计和应用提供了依据。     

分布荷载推力桩计算的p-y曲线法研究

为提高现有水平梯形分布荷载推力桩设计计算水平,提出了地基系数按非线性土抗力.水平位移(p-y)曲线抗力模式表达的水平梯形分布荷载推力桩位移和内力计算的有限差分数值分析方法,并详细推导了桩身位移的差分格式.基于这些公式,编制了全桩位移、内力及侧土抗力的计算和图形处理程序,可适用于滑坡抗滑桩和深基坑悬臂支护桩的设计计算.结合新型桩型现浇混凝土薄壁管桩(PCC桩)作为滑坡抗滑桩进行对比分析,算例表明:该方法方便可靠.当有限差分段划分得足够小时,可使数值解接近于真实解.     

PCC单桩性状室内模型试验研究

PCC桩是一种获得专利的新型桩，对其进行室内模型试验研究尚无先例。通过自行研制的加载系统和量测系统装置，对单桩进行室内模型试验，分析了其在竖向荷载下的工作性状，得到了桩顶的P-S曲线与桩周土压力分布曲线，其结果与荷载传递函数计算的结果吻合较好。