TCE污染的地下水修复技术与研究进展

TCE污染的地下水的修复技术，有推广前景的主要有：微生物处理和金属铁还原技术。在概述目前所取得的试验成果的基础上，并指出还待解决的问题。列举2个典型实例，说明此修复技术目前的研究进展水平。     

海洋细菌B-9987 胞外代谢产物的纯化及抑菌机理初探

由渤海海泥中分离得到 30 0株菌株 ,从中筛选获得海洋生境芽孢杆菌B 9987菌株 ,其胞外物质经乙醚萃取、硅胶G薄层层析、官能团显色反应及紫外扫描 ,测其组分 ;以不同浓度B 9987菌株的抑菌液测定对植物病原真菌的抑制效果。结果表明 ,B 9987菌株的胞外抑菌物质可能是酚类化合物 ;该物质对植物病原真菌茄交镰孢菌、大丽轮枝菌、黄枝孢菌、立枯丝核菌的抑制作用 ,主要是造成真菌孢子或菌丝末端膨大成球状 ,继而胞壁崩解 ,原生质外泄。对尖刀镰孢菌和莴苣霜霉菌的抑制作用 ,则表现为孢子萌发率降低和菌丝长度明显变短。该抑菌物质可望开发为农用抗生素     

生物农药的开发利用综述

化学农药的使用带来了致使人畜直接中毒、环境污染等许多问题。由于长期使用某些化学农药,使害虫产生了抗药性。针对化学农药的种种弊端,国内外已研制出一系列选择性强、效率高、成本低、不污染环境、对人畜无害的生物衣药。广义的生物农药包括微生物农药(细菌、真菌、病毒)以及生物工程植物两大类。当前生物农药的开发和使用仍处于起步阶段,但其发展前景十分美好。     

海拉尔盆地盐湖及碳酸盐成因

本文根据野外考察和室内分析资料，全面总结了该区盐湖概况、矿物组成、卤水成分及盐元素的物质来源，提出了碱湖的形成和天然碱的成因机理。     

一株六价铬还原菌的分离及其用于含铬废水处理的初步研究

从济南裕兴化工厂含铬废水排放口及小清河等处的污泥中分离到一株属于假单胞菌属的杆菌。该菌在厌氧条件下以Cr(Ⅵ)作为电子受体,有机物作为电子供体,具有很强的还原铬酸盐、重铬酸盐的能力。研究了该菌的生长以及还原Cr(Ⅵ)的最适条件,并以生活污水为基质进行了实际净化含铬废水的实验,发现该菌生长迅速,还原Cr(Ⅵ)速率高,生态稳定性好,可用于含铬废水的净化。     

极地微生物菌种数据库的设计及其功能简述

极地微生物菌种数据库,在功能设计上不仅考虑到共享中国极地科学数据库系统的元数据管理、用户权限认证和后台数据管理功能模块与部分数据,而且考虑到新开发的用户管理模块、数据管理与维护模块、数据查询模块,以及文献信息要求等的特殊性。其技术架构采用基于WEB的浏览器/服务器模式。数据库设计中除考虑到管理的主体对象--菌种资源信息外,还考虑用户、资源利用和成效跟踪等相关信息,并通过相关联的用户与权限系统、数据管理与维护系统和数据发布系统,实现用户与操作、资源与利用的一体化管理。该数据库不仅实现多种信息的综合管理与实时发布,而且提供定制式、人性化管理与用户界面以及综合统计和报表等多项功能。     

Epiphytic bacterial communities on two common submerged macrophytes in Taihu Lake: diversity and host-specificity

Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We investigated the diversity and composition of epiphytic bacteria from two common submerged macrophytes: Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China, using methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses targeted at bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results show that: (1) the libraries of the two waterweeds contain wide phylogenetic distribution of bacteria, and that the sequences of the two libraries can be separated into 93 OTUs (at 97% similar value); (2) Betaproteobacteria, including Burkholderiales, was the most abundant bacterial group on both plants. Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the second largest groups on V. natans and H. verticillata, respectively. Both clone libraries included some sequences related to those of methanotrophs and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; (3) Cluster analysis of the T-RFLP profiles showed two distinct clusters corresponding to the two plant populations. Both ANOSIM of the T-RFLP data and Libshuff analysis of the two clone libraries indicated a significant difference in epiphytic bacterial communities between the two plants. Therefore, the epiphytic bacterial communities on submerged macrophytes appear to be diverse and host-specific, which may aid in understanding the ecological functions of submerged macrophytes in general.     

The Antitumor Components from Marine-derived Bacterium Streptoverticillium luteoverticillatum 11014 Ⅱ

Eight known compounds were isolated from a marine-derived bacterium Streptoverticillium luteoverticillatum 11014 using bioassay-guided fractionations. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis as bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether (1), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (2), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) acetamide (3), indole-3 carboxylic acid methyl ester (4), dibenzo[b,e] [1,4]dioxine (5), thymine (6), cytosine deoxyribonucleoside (7) and 2, 3-butanediol (8). These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against K562 cell line with the SRB method for the first time. Compounds 2 and 4 showed cytotoxcities with IC50 values of 101.1 and 165.3 μmolL-1, respectively. All compounds were isolated from S. luteoverticillatum 11014 for the first time.