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81.
82.
胶东海阳所堆积辉长岩的变质反应结构、石榴石形成及P—T演化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
海阳所堆积辉长岩由橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩和辉长岩组成。在橄长岩和橄榄辉长岩中发育有典型的变质反应结构:主要为橄榄石与斜长石之间形成由斜方辉石、尖晶石、角闪石和石榴石等矿物组成的多期次次变边,并有三个不同世代变质矿物,早期Cpx+Opx+Spl,中期Amp,晚期Grt;期次是钛铁矿与斜长石之间形成石榴石次变边,相对比较简单,只有一个世代变质矿物,为Grt+Amp+Rut或Grt+Rut岩中石榴石是通过斜长石与角闪石或斜长石与钛铁矿之间的变质反应形成的,虽为峰值变质作用的产物,但变质反应的期次及类型不同导致了所形成石榴石的温度和压力有所不同。堆积辉长岩形成演化的温压计算表明,堆积辉长岩在经过近等压降温的岩浆作用之后的变质作用早期,仍为近等压降温,而晚期则表现为近等温升压。这一特殊的P-T演化可能反映了堆积辉长冷侵位与深俯冲特征。 相似文献
83.
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86.
Yuru Zhuo 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(1):33-43
Using the WKBJ approximation method we calculate the synthetic teleseismograms of P and PP waves to match the observed ones
of six large Chinese earthquakes with known focal mechanisms: Tibet earthquake of July 14, 1973; Haicheng earthquake of February
4, 1975; Songpan earthquakes of August 16, 1976, August 21, 1976 and August 23, 1976 and Nignhe earthquake of November 15,
1976. The focal mechanism of the Tibet earthquake is discussed to examine the technique used in the calculation.
We note that the amplitude ratios of PP and P waves (A
PP/A
P) have different characteristics for dip—slip events and strike—slip events within certain epicentral distances. We calculate
the synthetic teleseismograms of P and PP waves for the strike—slip and dip—slip events with fault angles of 330°, 240° and
0°, focal depths of 8 km, 17 km and 24 km, at the assumed station with an azimuth of 310° and epicentral distances from 40°;
to 80°. The diagrams of maximum amplitude ratios of PP and P waves (A
PP/A
P) versus distances are given. The possibility to use the (A
PP/A
P) values to give an approximate estimation for the focal mechanism type is discussed. This work may be useful for determining
the focal mechanism type for those earthquakes which have only few records such as the Chinese earthquakes from the 1930s
to 1960s.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 150–160, 1991. 相似文献
87.
88.
By means of the analysis of sediments cored in the small river Gurk (Carinthia/Austria), the input of Ag, Cd, Ce, Cr, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, V, and W from a chemical industrial plant could be detected. To estimate the actual load, and to obtain data for comparison with other sites, both unsieved fine sediments and sediments sieved to 20 μm were investigated from the same cores. Environmental mobilities of toxic heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) have been shown by sequential leaching following Tessier/Förstner. In the last step, HNO3 leaches a purely geogenic fraction, which is fairly constant along the investigated river. Whereas the additional Cr from the input of the chemical plant is mainly found in the oxalate-leachable fraction, short-time-load to unpolluted sediments in the laboratory is found mainly in hydroxylamine/acetic acid. Both is due to the high affinity of Cr to Fe- and Mn-oxides. Adsorption/desorption experiments reveal that the low carbonate content of the Gurk sediments increases the importance of Fe/Mn-oxides for the sorption of Cr compared to other samples containing carbonate. The Ni-load was primarily found in weak-acid-leachable and oxalate-leachable fractions. Similarly, the oxalate-leachable fraction is dominant for adsorption of other metals and phosphorus. Other interelement relationships among the amounts leached, which are attributable partly to carbonate-, silicate-, organic or coating phases, have been found by means of factor analyses together with marker fractions for each type. 相似文献
89.
Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes 总被引:1,自引:6,他引:1
XIE Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)
Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton. 相似文献
90.
陈培善 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(1):113-114
All the data in this catalog are chosen from the "Preliminary Seismological Report of Chinese Seismic Stations" (Its abbreviation is "Monthly Report"). The catalog includes the events of M≥4.7 in and near China and M≥6 all over the world. The "Monthly Report" is monthly compiled by the Ninth Section of Institute of Geophysics, China EarthQuake Administration. 相似文献