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211.
本文通过对泥浆中颗粒的沉降特性分析,从量上得出泥浆性能对泥浆中颗粒的悬浮携渣能力。泥浆是一流变性的流体,对泥浆性能的把握,应综合考虑,而不偏向于某个指标。提出了在实践中对泥浆的正确使用和泥浆性能取用的建议。 相似文献
212.
H. O. Prtner B. Berdal R. Blust O. Brix A. Colosimo B. De Wachter A. Giuliani T. Johansen T. Fischer R. Knust G. Lannig G. Naevdal A. Nedenes G. Nyhammer F. J. Sartoris I. Serendero P. Sirabella S. Thorkildsen M. Zakhartsev 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)
Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q10 effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea. 相似文献
213.
E. L. Afraimovich E. A. Kosogorov N. P. Perevalova A. V. Plotnikov 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2001,63(18)
This paper is concerned with the parameters of shock-acoustic waves (SAW) generated during rocket launchings. We have developed the interferometric method for determining SAW parameters (including angular characteristics of the wave vector, and the SAW phase velocity, as well as the direction towards the source) using GPS-arrays. Contrary to the conventional radio-probing techniques, the proposed method provides an estimate of SAW parameters without a priori information about the site and time of a rocket launching. The application of the method is illustrated by a case study of ionospheric effects from launchings of rockets PROTON, SOYUZ and SPACE SHUTTLE from Baikonur and Kennedy Space Center cosmodromes in 1998–2000. In spite of a difference of rocket characteristics, the ionospheric response for all launchings had the character of an N-wave corresponding to the form of a shock wave. The SAW period T is 270–360 s, and the amplitude exceeds the standard deviation of total electron content background fluctuations in this range of periods under quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions by factors of 2–5 as a minimum. The angle of elevation of the SAW wave vector varies from 30° to 60°, and the SAW phase velocity (900–1200 m/s) approaches the sound velocity at heights of the ionospheric F-region maximum. The position of the SAW source, inferred by neglecting refraction corrections, corresponds to the segment of the rockets path at a distance no less than 200–900 km from the launch pad, and to the rocket flying altitude no less than 100 km. Our data are consistent with the existing view that SAW are generated during a nearly horizontal flight of the rocket with its engine in operation in the acceleration segment of the path at 100–130 km altitudes in the lower atmosphere. 相似文献
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依据密度测井资料评估煤层的含气量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
煤层甲烷长期以来认为是对采煤工作的危害,只是近十多年来才被认为是一种潜在的能源。煤层不仅是甲烷的储层,而且是甲烷的源岩。煤的物理结构是一种双重孔隙结构,即煤层中含有由基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙组成的孔隙系统。煤层中的气(甲烷)主要吸附在基质孔隙的内表面,是吸附气,而不是存在于骨架粒间的孔隙空间内,因而传统的评价天然气储层含气量的方法虽然不能适合于评估煤层的气含量。本文利用密度测井资料和煤样煤质化验资料确定 相似文献
217.
The effects of oxygen supply rate and the presence or absence of nutrients on the kinetics of phenol degradation and oxygen consumption by a mixed microbial population were tested in a model system. The values for the maximum specific rate of phenol degradation (qSmax), the saturation constant (KS), and the inhibition concentration (SCR) were determined for unlimited growth (KLa = 340 h?1, growth medium) with 1.7 mmol g?1 h?1, 65 mg L?1, and 190 mg L?1. Under limitation conditions, alterations occur depending on the type of limitation. Nutrient limitations lead to values of 0.8 mmol g?1 h?1, 45 mg L?1, and 160 mg L?1, and oxygen limitations lead to 1.2 mmol g?1 h?1. 30 mg L?1, and 120 mg L?1, respectively. The results suggest that with excess oxygen, the rate of phenol degradation was higher and the inhibition effect of phenol was suppressed to some extent. Under the same high oxygen supply rate, the presence of nutrients in the model water significantly supported the phenol degradation rate. 相似文献
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本文论述用地面伽玛能谱资料估计地层(体)含铀性和资源量方法,并提出富铀富集体、铀源富集体、尤其富铀源富集体是最有利于成矿的结论。 相似文献
220.