一株海绵附生芽孢杆菌的抗硅藻附着活性成分的分离鉴定

为寻找天然抗污损活性化合物,以抗硅藻附着活性为导向,采用有机溶剂萃取、半制备高压液相色谱对分离自海绵的芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物进行分离,纯化抗硅藻附着活性物质,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、核磁共振波谱分析活性物质结构。从菌株UST050418-715代谢产物中分离得到7种具有抗硅藻附着活性的环二肽类化合物,分别鉴定为:(1)环(L-亮氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)、(2)环(L-缬氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(3)环(D-脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)、(4)环(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)、(5)环(甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(6)环(L-苯丙氨酸-顺式-8-羟基-D-脯氨酸-)、(7)环(L-苯丙氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)。说明海绵附生芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物中存在大量环二肽类化合物,可以帮助宿主海绵实现对硅藻附着的化学防御。     

温度和光径对微绿球藻生长及营养成分含量的影响

研究了温度和光生物反应器的光径对微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata Hibberd)生长及细胞内几种营养成分含量的影响。结果表明,温度对微绿球藻的生长有显著影响(P0.05),对几种营养成分的含量有极显著影响(P0.01),在28℃的培养条件下,细胞生长速度最快,此时蛋白质含量最高,为5.66%,多糖含量最低,仅为1.47%,但最大生物产量却是在30℃的条件下获得,总脂与叶绿素a的含量随温度的升高而降低,类胡萝卜素含量随温度升高而增大。光生物反应器的光径对微绿球藻的生长和总脂、可溶性蛋白、色素的含量有极显著影响(P0.01),对多糖含量有显著影响(P0.05),比生长速率、最高细胞密度和单位体积产量均随光径的增大而减小,单位面积产量随光径的增大而增大;总脂、可溶性蛋白和多糖的含量随光径的增大而降低,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量随光径增大而增大,类胡萝卜素含量的增大趋势比叶绿素更明显。     

盐田嗜盐单胞杆菌的分离鉴定及其PHB 积累的研究

微生物聚合物聚-?-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性和热塑性,在环保、医药和农业领域具有广阔的应用前景。高PHB积累菌株的获得及其发酵条件的研究具有很好的实用价值。作者从渤海湾日晒盐场盐田卤水中分离出一株杆状细菌,经16S r DNA序列测序比对,确定为盐杆菌属(Halomonas),命名为Halomonas 100-16-2,其最适生长盐度为50~100,最适生长p H为7~8,属中度嗜盐菌。在酸水解酪蛋白(7.5 g/L)的基础培养基中分别添加0、10、20和30 g/L葡萄糖,研究盐度100条件下不同葡萄糖添加量对Halomonas 100-16-2生长和PHB含量的影响。结果表明,随着葡萄糖浓度的增加,该菌株的生长和PHB积累显著提高。葡萄糖质量浓度为30 g/L时,细胞干质量达8.60 g/L,PHB含量达到5.57 g/L(即达到细胞干质量的65%)。本研究为渤海湾盐田微生物资源的开发和利用提供了有价值的基础数据。     

High connectivity and directional gene flow in European Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of Ciona intestinalis sp. A

Understanding the factors that cause population divergence has long been of interest to marine biologists in their attempts to interpret the effect of human‐mediated vectors. Broadcast‐spawning species with limited dispersal capability are excellent candidates to measure the present‐day patterns of genetic diversity. The tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Ascidiacea) is comprised of a complex of morphologically cryptic species that form vigorous aggregates in eutrophic habitats (harbors, gulfs and lagoons) where they can compete with the epibenthic community and cause biofouling problems. This study investigated biogeographic variability and migration patterns of C. intestinalis sp. A along Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts using microsatellite markers. Data presented here on 371 specimens collected from 17 populations reveal high genetic polymorphism, but with a deficit of heterozygote deficiency. Absence of evidence for isolation by distance suggests that the genetic patterns do not reflect the geographic distribution of sampled populations. Substantial gene flow and artificial potential for dispersal boost high levels of within‐population genetic variability and prevent genetic differentiation within and between seas. A predominant eastward migration pattern was revealed by the data set, with very limited opportunity for C. intestinalis sp. A to travel westward. This directional movement indicates that other properties (e.g. habitat quality, genetic traits, mating system, life cycle) may cause adaptive divergence at a large biogeographic scale.     

Distribution and relative density of cetaceans in the Hauraki Gulf,New Zealand

Understanding species distributions, and how they change in space and time, is vital when prioritising conservation or management initiatives. We assessed the distribution and density patterns of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Dedicated boat-based surveys were conducted in the inner Hauraki Gulf (IHG) and off Great Barrier Island (GBI) during 2010–2012. Generalised linear models were used to investigate temporal changes in relative densities and kernel density estimation was implemented to examine spatial trends. Common dolphins were widely distributed during all seasons, with higher densities observed during winter and spring in the IHG but during autumn off GBI. There was inter-annual variation in Bryde’s whale distribution, with high densities recorded off GBI in 2011. Bottlenose dolphins were infrequently sighted in the IHG but regularly encountered off GBI, with the highest densities during spring and summer.     

石斑鱼鱼虱病的研究──Ⅰ.南海鱼虱,新种Caligus nanhaiensis n.sp.

记述华南地区网箱养殖石斑鱼鱼虱病病原──南海鱼虱，新种Caligusnanhaiensisnsp．形态的光镜和电镜观察结果，并对南海鱼虱与相似种C．seriolaeYamaguti，1936和C.tanagoYamaguti，1939的形态特征进行详细比较。     

三苯基氯化锡对扁藻细胞超微结构的影响

于１９９２年４月－１９９２年６月以扁藻为材料进行半抑制深度三苯基氯化锡处理７２ｈ实验，用透射电镜观察观察中毒状态扁藻细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明，线粒体发生水肿，内脊局部瓦解，基质内出现由双层膜包围的同心质膜轮；叶绿体内光合片层的网状结构被破坏，光合片层上下重叠成厚块状；蛋白核中央髓部肿胀，淀粉鞘破裂成多角形淀粉板，并分散在髓部周围；叶绿体基质中出现大量淀粉粒，眼点因受淀粉粒挤压而由藻体中下部移至     

用含氯化镉培养液培养塔胞藻的生物学效应

在塔胞藻培养液中加入不同浓度的CdCl2,然后分析了培养在各种处理和对照组的塔胞藻后代.结果发现,随着镉离子浓度的升高,细胞的生长繁殖量和体积在前2轮(9d为一轮)培养中均明显降低,而在第3轮培养时,细胞的繁殖和大小接近常态.随后对处理后多种细胞内含物含量进行了分析,显示出:随着培养液中镉离子浓度增高,细胞内的蛋白质、叶绿素含量均明显下降,而可溶性糖、核酸的含量与对照相比变化不大.     

Iron and phosphorus effects on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae) and their availability in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China

Based on lab-culture experiments analyzing limitation and combination of iron and phosphorus on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), and the study of accumulation and release of Fe-bound P in sediment cores collected from the marine region of the Pearl River Estuary, China, reasons for the high frequency of phytoplankton bloom therein are discussed. Results show that the combined effect of Fe and P can obviously accelerate algal development, and the optimum culture conditions maintaining maximum growth rate are 0.05 μM Fe and 50 μM P. Cellular contents of Fe and P is consistent and the P:Fe molar ratio is 159:1. The optimum range of the P:Fe molar ratio in culture experiments for cell incubation is 500–1400. The vertical trends of total Fe and total P variations in sediments are parallel. Fe-bound P is the main species of inorganic sedimentary P. Through continuous leaching with agitation, 34–80% of exchangeable P and 4–23% of exchangeable Fe are concurrently released from the surficial sediments. This is a possible way by which nutrients are made available to phytoplankton. These factors might be responsible for a high frequency of harmful algal blooms in the Pearl River Estuary.     

海水网箱养殖石斑鱼病原菌研究

从网箱养殖的石斑Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｙｅｌｕｓｓｐ．中分离出一种致病菌——创伤弧菌Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｖｕｌｎｉｆｉｃｕｓ。本文报道该病原菌的分离、形态、毒力、生理生化特性。该菌毒力较强，感染死亡率可达８０％以上。