Thermal marking of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) otoliths

A small‐scale experiment was done to test the feasibility of thermally marking hatchery‐reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) fry that are released into rivers and impoundments in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Fry of rainbow trout were exposed to two different 48‐h thermal cycles each of a cold and warm water period. One thermal regime consisted of a cold water period during which the temperature was reduced from 14 to 8°C for 18 h followed by a return to 14°C for 30 h. For the second thermal treatment, water temperature was reduced to 4°C for 10 h followed by a period of 38 h at 14°C. Thermal cycles were repeated 4 and 8 times for each thermal regime, respectively. Following a growth period after treatment, obvious marks were visible on all treated otoliths as distinct from control otoliths. The 10°C differential treatment created the most visible patterns and growth of these fish was not significantly different from control fish. This marking method could be applied to normal hatchery practices to evaluate the effectiveness of large‐scale rainbow trout stockings in NSW.     

温度和盐度对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)“水科1号”生长、消化酶活性和相关基因表达的影响

温度和盐度变化的影响是虹鳟(Oncorhynchusmykiss)海水驯化和养殖生产中需要解决的重要问题。为探究温度和盐度对虹鳟生长发育的影响,通过在3种温度(10、16和22°C)条件下均设置5种盐度梯度处理(盐度分别为0、8、16、24、32),分别以A1～A5表示10°C各盐度组,以B1～B5表示16°C各盐度组,以C1～C5表示22°C各盐度组,将温度16°C且盐度为0组(B1)作为淡水对照组,开展为期21 d的养殖实验。养殖实验结束后分析不同温度和盐度对虹鳟生长、肠道消化酶活性、鳃和肠组织中生长相关基因(gh和igf-1)、应激相关基因(hsp70)和渗透压调节相关基因(aqp3和nka)表达的影响。结果显示,除B2(16°C下盐度为8)盐度组的饵料转化率(FCE)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)较B1(淡水对照组)显著升高,肠道中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性分别较B1(淡水对照组)显著升高约23%和8%外(P<0.05),其余实验组以上指标均较淡水对照组降低。此外,鳃和肠组织中, B2和B3组gh和igf-1的表达量较对照组显著上调(P<0.05),而其余实验组g...     

Evidence of return of chum salmon released from Tangwang River by strontium marking method

In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), otolith strontium (Sr) marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016. The homing chum salmon were detected and the samples were collected in Tangwang River, Ussuri River and Suifen River in the autumn of 2018. The samples were analyzed by examining Sr and calcium (Ca) fingerprints in the otolith using electron probe microanalysis. The results suggested that two samples collected in Tangwang River had the marking ring near the core of otolith where the Sr concentration and Sr/Ca ratio were significantly higher than comparative samples. Proving that the two fish belonged to the released population in Tangwang River in 2016. This article indicated the success of the enhancement release of chum salmon from the Tangwang River for the first time and also confirmed the validity of Sr marking in enhancement release of fishes.     

Seasonal hydrology of Port Fitzroy,Great Barrier Island,New Zealand

At 2‐monthly intervals between March 1974 and January 1975 seawater temperature and salinity (at 0 m and 5 m depths) and turbidity (as Secchi disc visibility) were measured in Port Fitzroy and adjacent bays on Great Barrier Island (36°11'S, 175°21'E). A seasonal pattern was evident in all three parameters. Variation between depths and between high and low tides was generally only slight, although differences of up to 3.6°c and 12.58‰ were recorded occasionally. Maximum temperatures (22–23°c) occurred in January, with minima (13–14°c) in July. Salinities were generally between 35.0 and 35.6‰, but values as low as 22.25‰ at the surface were recorded after heavy rainfall. Secehi disc visibility measurements of turbidity varied between 2.0 and 12.5 m, but were usually 5–9 m.

A graded series of four generalised areas was distinguished, ranging from sheltered, almost estuarine inner bays, to exposed open water with properties similar to outer Hauraki Gulf water.

The circulation through Port Fitzroy comprises the main exchange of water through the northern entrance channel, causing a southerly movement of water on the flood tide and a northerly movement on the ebb, together with a small compensatory exchange through the narrow southern entrance.     

Fecundity of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Waitaki and Rakaia Rivers,New Zealand

The fecundity of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was estimated from maturing fish captured by anglers in the lower Waitaki River in 1985 and 1987–89, and from mature fish spawned at the Glenariffe Research Station on the Rakaia River in 1992. Fecundity was positively correlated with fork length (FL); estimated fecundities at 750 mm FL were 5024 eggs for Waitaki and 4829 eggs for Glenariffe salmon. The slopes of the regressions of fecundity on FL differed between the populations but the Glenariffe data did not differ from Rakaia River samples from 1967, 1973, and 1976. Significant inter‐annual variation in the FL‐fecundity relationship was detected in Waitaki River samples. Egg weights, taken from the Glenariffe samples, were positively correlated with length and averaged 0.17 g. However, salmon with high fecundity for their FL tended to have small eggs, and vice versa.     

丹麦钢头鳟染色体核型分析

为了了解引进品种的种质遗传特征,作者采用PHA体内直接注射法制备了丹麦钢头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的染色体,并进行其核型分析。结果表明,与虹鳟(O.mykiss)略有不同,钢头鳟的染色体数目为58条,核型公式为2n=44m+14t,臂数NF=102。丹麦钢头鳟染色体核型结果为其养殖、良种选育或者杂交育种等的研究和应用提供了种质资源基础数据。     

虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)维生素D受体a(VDR-a)基因克隆以及网箱养殖密度对其表达和血液中Ca2+含量的影响

本文从虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肾脏组织中克隆得到维生素D受体a(VDR-a)基因的全长cDNA序列。结果表明, 虹鳟VDR-a的cDNA全长为2606bp, 共编码797个氨基酸, 主要包括A/B区、C区、D区以及E/F区。实时定量PCR分析表明, 高密度网箱养殖使得虹鳟肾脏和肝脏中VDR-amRNA的表达降低, 并且随着养殖时间延长和养殖密度的增加VDR-amRNA的表达减少更加显著; 血液中Ca2+含量随着养殖密度的升高而降低, 养殖密度升高使得Ca2+的主动运输过程减弱, 因此高密度养殖能导致产生低浓度Ca 2+, 这样对应的VDR-amRNA的表达也降低。说明养殖时间对VDR-amRNA表达的影响是通过养殖密度的变化来实现的。     

复方中草药对虹鳟免疫保护力的影响

【目的】研究复方中草药对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肝脏免疫功能及肠道免疫相关基因的影响。【方法】将红枣提取物、山药提取物和黄芪提取物按照质量比1∶1∶1混合,分别按质量分数0(对照)、0.3%、0.6%和1.2%添加到虹鳟基础饲料中,饲喂体长7.6~8.9 cm的虹鳟幼鱼56 d。用副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus)对幼鱼进行攻毒试验(5.48×10⁶ cfu/尾),4 d后,取其肝脏和肠道,测定肝脏的生理生化指标,用半定量PCR及荧光定量PCR测定肠道免疫相关基因的表达。【结果】与对照组比较,肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),溶菌酶(LZM)水平极显著升高(P<0.01),酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著降低(P<0.01),0.6%剂量组的丙二醛(MDA)极显著降低(P<0.01),而SOD无显著差异(P>0.05);各复方中草药组肠道的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及1.2%剂量组转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)转录水平极显著降低(P<0.01),0.3%和0.6%剂量组的补体3(C3)转录水平显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】复方中草药(红枣+山药+黄芪)可提高感染副溶血弧菌的虹鳟非特异性免疫功能。     

Temperature-Dependent Fatty Acid Composition Change of Phospholipid in Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Tissues

In this study, the changes of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in different tissues(muscle, heart, brain and spleen) of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were analyzed when the water temperature decreased gradually from 16 to 12℃℃, 8℃, 6℃, 4℃, 2 and 1℃℃. Three fish individuals each tank(average weight 70.32 g ± 9.12 g) were collected and used to analysis at each designed temperatures. At normal temperature(16℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid of muscle and heart was similar each other. The highest concentration of saturate fatty acids(SFA) was found in the phospholipid of spleen. The brain phospholipid contained higher oleic acid(18:1 n9) than the phospholipid of other tissues at 16℃. When the environmental temperature decreased, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids in all tissues increased, and accordingly the ratio pf the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) and unsaturation index(UI) increased, indicating that steelhead trout can compensate temperature-dependent changes in membrane fluidity by remodeling the fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipid were tissue-specific. At the early stages of the experiment(16 to 8℃℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid changed remarkably in muscle, heart, and spleen. When temperature decreased to less than 8℃, an obvious response of phospholipid fatty acid was observed in all tissues. The change of phospholipid composition of steelhead trout tissues may be affected by both cold stress and starvation when the temperature decreased to 2℃, and the change of phospholipid composition of muscle was very obvious.