明光一带渐新世明光组的发现

明先城北地区出露不整合于定远组之上的碎屑岩，通过ESR年龄测定，认为属于渐新世的沉积。建立明先组填补了该区渐新世沉积的空白。     

Les écosystèmes microbiens marqueurs des variations des niveaux lacustres en contexte de fan-deltas. Exemple du rift rhénan méridional (Europe occidentale)

The Rhine Graben begins to develop in the Upper Eocene. During the first paroxysmal stage a belt of sandstones and conglomerates, the so-called Conglomé-rats cotiers, is deposited on the rift border. In the graben an euryhaline lacustrine basin regulates the extension of fan-deltas which are developing along the boundary faults of the rift.Stromatolites preferentially colonize the littoral fringe of the lake where they find indurated substratums. So they appear to be excellent markers of the transgressive movements of the lake and its palaeomargins. The stromatolites also allow an excellent sequential subdivision to reconstruct the history of the basin.

     

哀牢山-红河剪切带渐新世的构造体制转换与剥露历史:来自哀牢山南段磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

哀牢山-红河剪切带是东南亚重要的构造边界,其记录了青藏高原东南缘新生代以来的陆内变形和地貌演化。本次研究对该剪切带哀牢山南段开展了基于LA-ICPMS法测试的磷灰石裂变径迹低温年代学分析。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据和热史反演模拟揭示哀牢山段存在晚始新世-早中新世(40～20Ma)的快速剥露事件,而早中新世(大约20Ma)之后处于稳定的慢速剥露过程。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄-海拔分布曲线特征暗示:快速剥露机制存在差异,早期阶段(40～26Ma)的剥露过程受控于伸展为主的左旋走滑体制影响;晚阶段(26～20Ma)的快速剥露归因于简单剪切为主的左旋走滑剪切体制,上述结果暗示哀牢山-红河构造带在晚渐新世发生了一次重要的构造体制转换,即从走滑伸展变形转换为简单剪切变形。哀牢山杂岩带北段、中段、南段冷却路径对比,表明北-中段可能存在两阶段快速冷却作用,而南段只发生单一快速冷却作用;结合青藏高原东南缘低温热年代学数据,暗示自中-晚中新世,青藏高原中、下地壳物质可能向东南缘扩展,并已到达哀牢山中段,同时诱发哀牢山杂岩带以北广大地区的抬升和快速冷却。     

西湖凹陷渐新统花港组大型沿岸砂坝沉积特征及主控因素*

西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地最大的富生烃凹陷,其主力储集层渐新统花港组的沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。以岩心为基础,结合测井响应与地震反射特征,识别出西湖凹陷中东部花港组厚层砂岩主要有块状含砾中砂岩、冲洗层理中细砂岩、沙纹层理粉细砂岩共3种典型岩石类型,并通过统计分析沉积构造参数,明确花港组厚层砂岩主要发育在岸线附近的冲洗带,水动力强,波浪作用明显;该厚层砂岩在伽马测井曲线上整体表现为下部低幅锯齿箱状、顶部逐渐过渡为高幅锯齿状特征,地震上主要为中等振幅与连续性的、底平顶凸的丘状反射,为大型沿岸砂坝沉积。最后结合测井曲线样式、地震属性与含砂率拟合,刻画了沿岸砂坝的叠置样式与空间展布,确定西湖凹陷花港组大型沿岸砂坝主要分布在研究区东部三角洲前缘外侧,是由于基准面下降、水体变浅,早期形成的辫状河三角洲前缘受波浪作用改造而成。     

A mid-Oligocene cooling (Oi-2b) reflected in the dinoflagellate record and in depositional sequence architecture. An integrated study from the eastern North Sea Basin

Integrated micropaleontological (dinoflagellate and foraminifera) and 3D seismic studies of Oligocene surfaces were carried out in the eastern North Sea in order to investigate the influence of the climate on the evolution of depositional geometries and surface morphologies.     

Depositional environment and hydrocarbon source potential of the Oligocene Ruslar Formation (Kamchia Depression; Western Black Sea)

The Oligocene Ruslar Formation is a hydrocarbon source rock in the Kamchia Depression, located in the Western Black Sea area. Depositional environment and source potential of the predominantly pelitic rocks were investigated using core and cuttings samples from four offshore wells. In these wells the Ruslar Formation is up to 500 m thick. Based on lithology and well logs, the Ruslar Formation is subdivided from base to top into units I–VI. Dysoxic to anoxic conditions and mesohaline to euhaline salinities prevailed during deposition of the Ruslar Formation. Relatively high oxygen contents occurred during early Solenovian times (lower part of unit II), when brackish surface water favoured nannoplankton blooms and the deposition of bright marls (“Solenovian event”). Anoxic conditions with photic zone anoxia were established during late Oligocene times (units III and IV) and, probably, reflect a basin-wide anoxic event in the Eastern Paratethys during Kalmykian times. Organic carbon content in the Ruslar Formation is up to 3%. Autochthonous aquatic and allochthonous terrigenous biomass contribute to the organic matter. Relatively high amounts of aquatic organic matter occur in the lower part of the Ruslar Formation (units I and II) and in its upper part (unit VI). Diatoms are especially abundant in the lower part of unit VI. The kerogen is of type III and II with HI values ranging from 50 to 400 mgHC/gTOC. Units I and II (Pshekian, lower Solenovian) are characterized by a fair (to good) potential to produce gas and oil, but potential sources for gas and oil also occur in the Upper Oligocene units IV–VI.     

Statistics of sediment mass in the South China Sea: Method and results

Sediment mass volumes for periods since the Oligocene (E₃, N₁ ¹, N₁ ², N₁ ³, N₂, and Q) in the South China Sea (SCS) were calculated on the basis of geological and geophysical data including ODP borehole data. Above the pre-Oligocene base, the estimated sediment volume is 7.01 × 10⁶ km³ and the mass is 1.44 × 10¹⁶ t for the entire SCS, with an average sedimentation rate of 6.22 cm/ka and accumulation rate of 12.8 g/(cm²·ka) since the Oligocene. Most of the sediment was deposited on the continent shelf and slope, while only 5% of the total mass accumulated in the Central Basin. Sediment basins on shelf and slope occupy 34% of the entire SCS area bounded by the 2 000 m thickness contour, but receive more than 82% of the total sediment mass, indicating that sediment basins played a central role of sedimentary process in the SCS. The highest sedimentation rate and the largest mass volume occurred in the Oligocene SCS, which is quite different from global sedimentation rate patterns. Therefore, we conclude that deposition in marginal seas was primarily controlled by local tectonics. Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2006, 21(5): 465–473 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

Distribution of calcareous dinoflagellates from the Maastrichtian to early Miocene of DSDP Site 357 (Rio Grande Rise, western South Atlantic Ocean)

 The evolution of calcareous dinoflagellate communities has been investigated for the latest Cretaceous to earliest Neogene interval of the mid-latitude South Atlantic. In doing so, the response of calcareous dinoflagellates to Cenozoic climatic change has been addressed for the first time. Trends in species composition and distribution patterns of wall types indicate significant changes which correlate with major palaeoenvironmental modifications. A first major shift concerning the relative abundance of species and wall types occurred across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. The associations remained stable during the entire Paleocene and Eocene. Only in the late Eocene did a dramatic decrease in temperature cause a slight diversification. A second major shift in the abundance patterns occurred across the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. The early Miocene warming is possibly reflected in the distinct increase in relative abundance of one species. The assemblages of calcareous dinoflagellates evidently react to major climatic changes during the Cenozoic. These poorly investigated organisms may thus provide an important contribution to the understanding of earth's palaeoclimatic evolution. Received: 9 November 1998 / Accepted: 4 April 1999     

Provenance of Oligocene lithic and quartz arenites of the East Carpathians: Understanding sediment routing systems on compressional basin margins

We present new sedimentological, petrographical, palaeontological and detrital zircon U–Pb data on late Oligocene–early Miocene sedimentary rocks of the thin-skinned thrust belt of East Carpathians. These data were acquired to reconstruct the sedimentary routing system for two compositionally different turbidite fans made of the regionally extensive Kliwa and Fusaru formations. On the eastern margin of the Moldavides foreland basin, large low-gradient river systems draining the East European Platform provided well-sorted quartz-rich sand forming deltas on wide shallow shelves and thick Kliwa submarine fans. Due to the westward subduction of a thinned continental plate, the western basin margin was characterized by short, steep-gradient routing systems where sediment transport to deep water was mainly through hyperpycnal flows. The Getic and Bucovinian nappes of the East Carpathians and the exhumed Cretaceous–Early Palaeogene orogenic wedge fed Fusaru fans with poorly sorted lithic sand. The Fusaru fans trend northwards in the foredeep basin having an elongate depocentre, interfingering and then overlapping on the distal part of the Kliwa depositional system due to the eastward advance of the Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt. A smaller sediment input is supplied by southern continental areas (i.e. Moesian Platform, North Dobrogea and potentially the Balkans). In general, the sandstone interfingering between distinct basin floor fan systems is less well documented because the facies would be similar and there are not many systems that have a distinct sediment provenance like Kliwa and Fusaru systems. This case study improves the understanding of regional palaeogeography and sedimentary routing systems and provides observations relevant here or elsewhere on the interfingering turbidite fan systems.     

华北克拉通内部的拉分盆地:渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷结构构造与演化

华北克拉通内部的拉分盆地有汾渭地堑、胶莱盆地和渤海湾盆地内部一些次级拉分构造单元等。黄骅坳陷就是这样一个拉分构造,位于渤海湾盆地中心地带,整体呈北北东走向,分割西侧北北东向的冀中坳陷和东侧北西西向的济阳坳陷,是发育在一个巨型走滑构造带中的新生代拉分盆地。黄骅坳陷的西界为沧东断裂系,东界为兰聊—盐山—羊二庄断裂系,最大负向构造单元在"大歧口凹陷",古近系最大沉积厚度达11km以上,是渤海湾地区地壳伸展最剧烈的地区。黄骅坳陷东、西边界相对较陡,受其控制,整个黄骅坳陷表现为拉分盆地;而"大歧口凹陷"为其主体,"大歧口凹陷"内部构造样式的控制性构造为东西向的断裂,而不是传统认为的沧东断裂等;所以,黄骅坳陷内部单个凹陷具有比较独特的下部为地堑式断陷、上部叠加北断南超的箕状结构。黄骅坳陷内部的凸起是沙一期才开始出现并起分割沉积空间的作用,沙一期以前,现今的歧口主凹、板桥次凹、歧北次凹、歧南次凹、北塘凹陷等都还是统一的一个湖盆。黄骅坳陷主要构造总体可划分为北北东向盆缘走滑断裂系、北东东向区域伸展断裂系、东西向盆内次级伸展构造和南北向变换构造,其中,最为显著的分割构造就是南北走向的沿岸变换带与孔店隆起。不同的伸展构造区受统一的基底拆离构造系统控制。"大歧口凹陷"的结构构造是华北克拉通破坏晚期阶段裂解过程的直接记录,是区域北北西向伸展背景下的产物。盆地构造经历了4个重要发展阶段:始新世孔店事件形成的拓展裂解阶段、渐新世初济阳运动事件形成的地堑式拉分断陷阶段、渐新世末东营运动形成的箕状断陷阶段、中—上新世热沉降期的碟状挠曲拗陷演化阶段。