冲绳海槽中段线性磁条带异常及其构造发育

通过对磁场分析发现,冲绳海槽中段存在线性磁异常,说明海槽轴部地壳已经发生破裂,新鲜洋壳已经生成,目前已进入扩张阶段.通过对磁条带和地震地层的研究得出如下结论:冲绳海槽的张裂具有Ⅲ幕模式,即中到晚中新世的开裂幕(Ⅰ幕)、上新世—早更新世的拉张幕(Ⅱ幕)以及近代的扩张幕(Ⅲ幕).冲绳海槽中段的地磁场特征和已发生扩张的红海中段的磁场非常相似,说明冲绳海槽可能正向着“红海阶段”过渡发展.     

冲绳海槽北段表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布的研究

对1992年5月取自冲绳海槽北段（水深113-1156m，东经126°58.71'-129°9.06’，北纬28°41.75'-31°40.56'）92个表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫数据进行R型因子分析。分析表明，黑潮流系有4个不同垂直水团的底栖有孔虫群落组合。其中Pseudorotaliaindopacifica,Bolovinarobusta,Cibicidesmargaritiferus,Textulariasaggitula,Cibicideslobatulus和Quinqueloculinaspp.代表黑潮流系的表层水;Hyalineabalthica，Caribeanelladepressa,Cibicidespraecinctus，Planulinawuellerstorfi和Melonisaffinis代表黑潮流系的次表层水;Globobuliminapacifica,Globocassidulinasubglobosa和Trifarinaspp.代表黑潮流系的中层水;Oridorsalistener,Martionottiellaokinawaensis,Pulleniaquinqueloba和Uvigerinadirupta代表黑潮流系的深层水。     

南冲绳海槽地震反射波特征及其地质解释

对南冲绳海槽进行反射地震调查 ,结果表明 :(1 )海槽盖层主要由反射层组 (时代相当于第四纪 )和反射层组 (时代相当于上新世 )组成 ,推测槽底局部存在中新统。槽底沉积物主要源自中国大陆。轴部目前仍处在裂陷作用阶段 ;(2 )断裂极为发育 ,可分 NE— SW向(西南端转为近 E— W向 )和 NW— SE向两组 ,分别属张性及张扭性断裂 ,后者切割前者 ;(3)岩浆活动十分强烈 ,东南缘岩浆活动尤甚 ,推测其岩性以中、基性岩为主     

Okinawa Trough genesis: structure and evolution of a backarc basin developed in a continent

The Okinawa marginal basin was opened by crustal extension into the Asian continent, north of the Taiwan collision zone. It is located behind the Ryukyu Trench subduction zone and the Ryukyu active volcanic arc. If we except the Andaman Sea, the Okinawa Trough is the only example of marginal backarc basin type, opened into a continent at an early stage of evolution. Active rifting and spreading can be observed. Synthesis of siesmic reflection, seismic refraction, drilling, dredging and geological field data has resulted in interpretative geological cross sections and a structural map of the Ryukyu-Okinawa area. The main conclusions of the reconstruction of this backarc basin/volcanic arc evolution are. (1) Backarc rifting was initiated in the volcanic arc and propagated along it during the Neogene. It is still active at both ends of the basin. Remnants of volcanic arc are found on the continental side of the basin. (2) There was synchronism between opening and subsidence of the Okinawa Trough and tilting and subsidence of the forearc terrace. The late Miocene erosional surface is now 4000 m below sea-level in the forearc terrace, above the trench slope. Retreat and subsidence of the Ryukyu trench line relative to the Asian continental plate, could be one of the causes of tilting of the forearc and extension in the backarc area. (3) A major phase of crustal spreading occurred in Pliocene times 1.9 My ago in the south and central Okinawa Trough. (4) En échelon rifting and spreading structures of the central axes of the Okinawa Trough are oblique to the general trend of the arc and trench. The Ryukyu arc sub-plate cannot be considered as a rigid plate. Rotation of 45° to 50° of the southern Ryukyu arc, since the late Miocene, is inferred. The timing and kinematic evolution of the Taiwan collision and the south Okinawa Trough opening suggest a connection between these two events. The indentation process due to the collision of the north Luzon Arc with the China margin could have provoked: lateral extrusion; clockwise rotation (45° to 50° according to palaeomagnetic data) and buckling of the south Ryukyu non-volcanic arc; tension in the weak crustal zone constituted by the south Ryukyu volcanic arc and opening of the south Okinawa Trough. Similar lateral extrusions, rotations, buckling and tensional gaps have been observed in indentation experiments. Additional phenomena such as: thermal convection, retreating trench model or anchored slab model could maintain extension in the backarc basin. Such a hypothetical collision-lateral backarc opening model could explain the initiation of opening of backarc basins such as the Mariana Trough, Bonin Trough, Parece Vela — Shikoku Basin and Sea of Japan. A new late Cenozoic palaeogeographic evolution model of the Philippine Sea plate and surrounding areas is proposed.     

冲绳海槽沉积物干酪根特征

本文采用元素分析、镜下观察、红外光谱、扫描电镜和热解分析等技术,分析了冲绳海槽柱状样中腐植酸、富里酸和干酪根的化学、物理特征,并探讨了它们之间的成因关系和干酪根类型。沉积物的产烃能力甚差,每吨沉积物仅能生成0.49～1.18kg烃类物质。     

冲绳海槽D－086孔颗石藻化石及其古海洋学意义的初步探讨

本文通过对冲绳海槽Ｄ－０８６孔颗石藻化石的研究，自下而上划分出三个颗石藻化石组合：Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａａｐｅｒｔａ－Ｇ．ｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ组合，Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏ－ｃａｐｓａｅｒｉｃｓｏｎｉｉ－Ｃｏｃｃｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｃｒａｓｓｉｐｏｎｓ组合，Ｅｍｉｌｉａｎｉａｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ－Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａｏ－ｃｅａｎｉｃａ组合；划分出Ｅ．ｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ带和Ｅ．ｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ高峰带的界线；每一个颗石藻化石组合代表一个气候期，它们分别与标准气候期的玉木亚间冰期，晚玉木冰期和冰后期相当。     

Simultaneous Measurement of Hydrogen Peroxide and Fe Species (Fe(II) and Fe<Subscript>(tot)</Subscript>) in Okinawa Island Seawater: Impacts of Red Soil Pollution

The northern part of Okinawa Island suffers from red soil pollution—runoff of red soil into coastal seawater—which damages coastal ecosystems and scenery. To elucidate the impacts of red soil pollution on the oxidizing power of seawater, hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) and iron species including Fe(II) and total iron (Fe_(tot), defined as the sum of Fe(II) and Fe(III)) were measured simultaneously in seawater from Taira Bay (red-soil-polluted sea) and Sesoko Island (unpolluted sea), off the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We performed simultaneous measurements of HOOH and Fe(II) because the reaction between HOOH and Fe(II) forms hydroxyl radical (•OH), the most potent environmental oxidant. Gas-phase HOOH concentrations were also measured to better understand the sources of HOOH in seawater. Both HOOH and Fe(II) in seawater showed a clear diurnal variation, i.e. higher in the daytime and lower at night, while Fe_(tot) concentrations were relatively constant throughout the sampling period. Fe(II) and Fe_(tot) concentrations were approximately 58% and 19% higher in red-soil-polluted seawater than in unpolluted seawater. Gas-phase HOOH and seawater HOOH concentrations were comparable at both sampling sites, ranging from 1.4 to 5.4 ppbv in air and 30 to 160 nM in seawater. Since Fe(II) concentrations were higher in red-soil-polluted seawater while concentrations of HOOH were similar, •OH would form faster in red-soil-polluted seawater than in unpolluted seawater. Since the major scavenger of •OH, Br⁻, is expected to have similar concentrations at both sites, red-soil-polluted seawater is expected to have higher steady-state •OH concentrations.     

贝类育苗中几种水处理新方法应用的探讨

本文主要叙述磁化水、泡沫处理水、臭氧处理水、高分子重金属离子吸附剂在贝类育苗上的应用，介绍其使用方法、优点和不足，从而为贝类人工育苗创造出一个良好的水环境，使贝类育苗稳产高产。     

冲绳海槽中段地球物理场及对其新生洋壳的认识

通过对冲绳海槽中的磁场进行分析，在海槽轴部追踪到了线性磁条带异常。另外，在扩张轴附近也拖到了新鲜拉斑玄武岩。重力自由空气异常值较低。根据这是由于深部地幔大幅上升所致。地震剖面及磁力资料显示在海槽轴部有强磁性浅层侵入体及海底山，这些侵入体很可能来自于深部地幔。高温地幔物质上涌在海槽轴部形成高热流、强磁异常、多火山以及热液活动。上述现象说明冲绳海槽中段张裂轴部大陆岩石圈已经破裂，并可能已有新生洋壳形成。     

冲绳海槽中部南奄西海丘海底热液活动的若干特征

冲绳海槽中部南奄西海丘海底热液活动为弧后盆地型热液活动。在水深 ６５０～７７０ｍ处发育有活烟囱，喷出的热液温度（２７０℃）临近当地沸点（２７５℃），热液 中富含ＣＯ２气泡。稳定同位素研究表明，热液活动与岩浆活动有关。根据热液沉积 物的矿物学及化学特征可将其划分为４种类型，它们是富硅热液沉积物、富硫酸盐 热液沉积物、块状富硫化物热液沉积物和碎屑状富硫化物热液沉积物。热液沉积物 中至少含有２７种矿物，并富集了Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ，Ａｇ等成矿元素。