导管架平台桩-土相互作用试验系统研制及应用

海洋环境中的导管架平台承受着风浪、地震等水平荷载,而平台的稳定对桩基础有严格要求,故研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩-土系统变形规律和相互作用机制具有重要意义。研制了1套导管架平台桩-土相互作用试验系统,主要由导管架平台试验模型子系统、电动伺服加载子系统、传感器与数据采集子系统、振动测试子系统组成,可用于研究冲击荷载、静载、循环荷载下导管架平台的桩身变形规律、桩基周围土体响应及平台的振动特性。通过初步试验结果表明,该系统能够如实反映水平荷载下桩-土间的相互作用和导管架平台的振动特性,验证了该系统的有效性。     

导管架平台健康监测中的信号处理技术

振动信号处理技术能够提取反映结构健康的特征信息,在导管架平台健康监测中发挥了重要作用。为了给导管架平台健康监测与振动特征提取的发展提供借鉴和指导,文中对导管架平台特征提取中常用的信号处理方法:傅里叶变换、小波变换和希尔伯特-黄(Hilbert-Huang)变换进行了综述,系统总结了它们的基本理论、适用范围、优缺点以及在导管架平台健康监测中的应用情况。文中发现傅里叶变换方法简单、适用性强,对于平稳信号有很好的处理效果;小波变换和希尔伯特-黄变换能很好地提取非平稳信号的时频特性,在导管架平台健康监测与特征提取中应用广泛。同时,随着人工智能算法的快速发展,未来的发展中,可以进行信号处理方法与人工智能算法的结合使用,以期获得更好的信号处理效果。     

基于固有频率的海洋平台损伤检测方法的改进

针对海洋平台损伤检测方法中需要未损伤模型参数的不便,提出了一种相对频率变化量的方法。对不同类型构件的损伤及同一类型构件在不同位置损伤的情况,进行结构模态分析,研究平台结构的固有频率对损伤、损伤位置和损伤程度的敏感性,以及平台质量变化对频率的影响。利用两次测量的相对频率变化量,可以发现损伤的存在,并进行损伤的初步定位。     

在建导管架平台圆管风致涡激振动及减振研究

研究了大型导管架平台卧式建造时出现单边约束圆管的风致涡激振动问题。将建造过程中单边约束的导管架圆管简化成悬臂梁模型,采用van der Pol尾流振子模型模拟圆管受到的流体力,建立了圆管风致涡激振动动力学方程。使用伽辽金方法对建立的运动方程进行求解,数值分析了圆管在特定约化风速下的涡激振动特性。在圆管上附加非线性能量阱(NES)作为被动减振装置对圆管进行减振,并采用粒子群优化算法对NES的非线性刚度和阻尼参数进行了优化。结果表明,在约化速度为4.8时,得到的NES优化的非线性刚度和阻尼参数组合可以有效减小悬臂梁自由端风致涡激振动位移。本研究说明采用NES和粒子群优化算法可以有效减小圆管的风致涡激振动,为导管架安全建造提供一定的参考。     

海上风电重大工程地质问题与对策研究

我国海上风电行业近年来得到了快速的发展,随着\     

Discrete element method simulations of offshore plate anchor keying behavior in granular soils

Abstract

The keying mechanism of plate anchors (PLA) embedded into granular sandy soils is investigated in this work using the discrete element method (DEM) modeling to simulate microscale response and to observe the emergent macroscale behavior. Parameters (e.g., padeye eccentricity, loading direction) that influence anchor keying are analyzed in the simulations. The load-displacement response and embedment losses during keying are evaluated and compared to published experimental results from the literature. The keying mechanism of the PLA for different padeye eccentricities and loading directions are investigated. The DEM results are found to have the same trends as published experimental results. The embedment loss has a bilinear response with the padeye eccentricity which is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature. Embedment losses increase linearly with increasing loading directions. Microscale observations of mobilized particle friction, particle rotation, contact force network, and steering coefficient during keying are used to provide insights into the keying mechanisms. The potential for particle mobilization is reached more quickly for the larger padeye eccentricities. The particle rotation is the major keying mechanism for all the cases in the simulations. Finally, the granular assembly adjacent to the PLA is steering from horizontal to vertical for all padeye eccentricities.     

Persistent organochlorine pollutants in Korean offshore waters: Squid (Todarodes pacificus) as a biomonitor

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were determined in Japanese common squid collected from the offshore waters of Korea. Liver accumulated higher levels of contaminants than mantle. The sums of DDTs, PCBs, CHLs and HCHs in liver were in the ranges of 164-4430 ng g⁻¹, 95-1030 ng g⁻¹, 15-121 ng g⁻¹, and 13-98 ng g⁻¹ on a lipid weight basis, respectively. Among the POPs, DDTs showed distinct regional difference in concentration levels and composition between the western and eastern offshore of Korea. One of the highest concentrations of DDTs so far recorded in the western offshore of Korea, that is Yellow Sea. This implies ongoing fresh input of technical DDT to this regional sea. HCHs were relatively high in the Yellow Sea as well, with an enhanced signal of γ-HCH indicating recent input of lindane. In contrast, CHLs showed higher level in the eastern offshore of Korea, that is East Sea, but PCBs showed an even distribution in both regions. Squid could be a useful bio-indicator for monitoring offshore water contamination by POPs.     

Getting it right for the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaenaglacialis): A last opportunity for effective marine spatial planning?

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) faces increasing pressure from commercial shipping traffic and proposed marine renewable energy developments. Drawing upon the successful Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary model, we propose a multi-stakeholder marine spatial planning process that considers both appropriate positioning of offshore wind farms and redefining commercial shipping lanes relative to whale migration routes: placement of wind turbines within certain right whale habitats may prove beneficial for the species. To that end, it may be advisable to initially relocate the shipping lanes for the benefit of the whales prior to selecting wind energy areas. The optimal end-state is the commercial viability of renewable energy, as well as a safe shipping infrastructure, with minimal risk of collision and exposure to shipping noise for the whales. This opportunity to manage impacts on right whales could serve as a model for other problematic interactions between marine life and commercial activities.     

Numerical modelling of seepage beneath skirted foundations subjected to vertical uplift

This study reports the results of small strain finite element analyses undertaken to determine the rate of displacement of skirted foundations subjected to uplift loading, due to combined swelling and seepage. Compatibility of foundation movement with cumulative seepage of water into the skirt compartment is modelled using a layer of soft poroelastic material immediately below the foundation top plate. Performance of the model is first assessed for a range of stiffness values for the soft layer. The model is then used to investigate the rate of displacement for skirt depths ranging from 0.1 to 1 times the foundation diameter. The results are compared with available theoretical solutions and experimental results, and expressions are provided for calculating the equivalent seepage lengths and resulting uplift velocities. The effect on the seepage behaviour of the presence of a gap down the external skirt–soil interface is also discussed.     

海上“薄散弱”油藏有效开发实践

“薄散弱”油藏由于其油层薄、砂体小、分布零散、天然能量弱,采用定向井难以经济有效开发;采用水平井开发虽可提高单井初期产量,但由于地层能量不足,产量递减快,无法从根本上解决采收率低的问题;注水开发虽能解决地层能量不足问题,但海上注水要增加设备、平台空间及平台重量,相应地增加开发成本,加上其储量规模小,经济效益难以保证.以X油田H4油藏为例,在储层精细描述的基础上,提出并实践了多底多分支水平井技术与地层自流注水技术,实现了“薄散弱”油藏的经济有效开发,并取得了较好的开发效果.其实践成果对类似难动用储量的经济有效开发具有借鉴和参考意义.