Exploring influence of sectional flexural yielding on experimental pile response analysis and applicability of distributed plastic hinge model in inelastic numerical simulation for laterally loaded piles

This study used model pile load testing and numerical analysis to investigate the experimental analysis results of pile and soil responses for lateral load testing due to the flexural yielding of a pile, and to examine the applicability of the distributed plastic hinge model to the numerical simulation of inelastic pile response. A lateral load test on an aluminum model pile in sand was conducted as an analysis case. The pile was loaded to a large lateral pile-head displacement, a displacement under which some of the pile sections yielded and thus the pile had inelastic flexural deformation. The test results showed that before the pile yielded, the depth of maximum moment increased with increasing load due to soil nonlinearity; after the pile yielded, the depth of maximum moment varied less and the plastic region expanded upward and downward around this depth with increasing pile displacement. In deducing the responses of the pile and soil for the pile-soil system, the actual nonlinear flexural rigidity of the pile section built based on the bending test was essential to retrieve rational ones. In addition, the distributed plastic hinge model was shown to be effective to model the inelastic pile responses and capture the development of plastic zones in the pile.     

Testing and modeling of the state-dependent behaviors of rockfill material

Dense Tacheng rockfill material (TRM) exhibits strain softening and dilation during drained triaxial tests, and therefore, an adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation was proposed for TRM. This equation incorporates an internal state index related to the density and pressure, as well as the coefficient of particle breakage and rotation. The adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation indicates that the relationship between stress and dilatancy is not constant, but varies with density and pressure. This result is in agreement with TRM test data. A state-dependent model was established for TRM using generalized plasticity theory combined with the adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation. The model includes twelve constants calibrated using TRM test data from Group A, and this model was used to predict the strain softening and dilatancy behaviors of dense TRM. Furthermore, the model predictions were validated using test data from Group B. In summary, the model accurately represented the stress–strain and dilatancy behaviors of TRM over a wide range of densities and pressures.     

放牧对退化草地近地面辐射的影响

随着环境变化,草原地表状态也会改变,尤其是近地面能量收支过程变化更明显。为深入理解半干旱草原地表辐射能量平衡过程对放牧的响应特征,利用内蒙古正镶白旗典型退化草原2020年生长季（6—10月）的辐射通量观测资料,对比分析了禁牧、放牧草地太阳总辐射、地表反射辐射、大气长波辐射、地表长波辐射、净辐射以及地表反照率的日变化和生长季变化规律的差异。结果表明：在生长季,太阳总辐射随着时间推进逐月递减;禁牧区的地表反射辐射总体小于放牧区;各月大气长波辐射日变化幅度很小,处于130—370 W·m^-2;禁牧、放牧条件下地表长波辐射存在明显的季节变化规律,但是二者之间的差异甚微。内蒙古典型退化草原生长季近地面辐射通量有显著单峰型日变化特征。禁牧、放牧草地地表反照率都呈现“U”型日变化规律。生长季放牧草地的反照率明显高于禁牧草地。在禁牧区,辐射分量（地表反射辐射、大气长波辐射）和植被指数（归一化差异植被指数）对净辐射的影响是正向极显著的;而地表反照率和另一辐射分量（地表长波辐射）对净辐射有显著的负向作用。在放牧区,地表反射辐射和大气长波辐射对净辐射有极显著的正向作用;而地表反照率和地表长波辐射对净辐射的作用则是负向显著的。植被状况是影响内蒙古典型退化草原近地表辐射能量收支过程的首要因子。     

2011年12月3-7日山东省连续大雾分析

利用2011年12月1-7日的常规探测资料和NCEP再分析资料,采取诊断分析的方法,分析了山东省大范围连续性大雾产生的天气背景、温湿条件和大气层结等特征。结果表明：此次连续大雾发生在稳定的大气层结下,高空中纬度环流平直,地面气压场上表现为从东西伯利亚到华南一个庞大的变性高压区（山东处于高压的中部）,天气形势稳定;在高分辨率可见光云图上,大雾图像顶部较光滑、边缘较清晰,在红外云图上特征不明显;近地面层是弱的东到东北风（风力在2 m·s^-1以下）,既有利于海洋上暖湿气流的平流输送,也为较冷的下垫面的建立创造了条件;大气边界层湍流活跃,湍流动力垂直输送明显;大雾初期低空有明显的逆温层,天气状况较好,辐射降温明显,大雾性质以辐射雾为主,中后期是暖湿空气平流到温度较低的下垫面上时冷却而形成,以平流雾为主。     

2012年2月22日江西平流雾过程的环流特征与诊断分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对江西2012年2月22日的平流雾天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,低层850—925 hPa江南有暖脊发展,且西南气流与等温线交角较大时,暖湿平流的输送为平流雾的形成提供了有利的平流逆温层结和水汽条件。当地面西南倒槽向东北方向发展时,在700—850 hPa西南急流的南侧有辐散下沉气流,925 hPa到近地层有弱辐合上升气流,两支气流的垂直混合有利于水汽聚积在逆温层下而形成雾。平流雾易形成于低层回温最明显且与地面逆温强度最大的时段。     

Bounding greybody and deflection angle of improved Schwarzschild black hole

In this paper, we study the weak deflection angle in the spacetime of improved Schwarzschild black hole using the method derived by Gibbons and Werner. To do so, we derive the optical curvature from the optical metric and calculate deflection angle in weak field limits by using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Moreover, we study the effect of the plasma medium on the weak gravitational lensing using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Furthermore, we also study the graphical analysis of the deflection angle in both the plasma and non-plasma mediums. Moreover, we obtain the bound on greybody for improved Schwarzschild black hole.     

The economic impacts of introducing CCER trading and offset mechanism into the national carbon market of China北大核心CSCD

基于中国风电及光伏国家核证自愿减排量(CCER)现状及发展趋势,针对CCER供给、抵销和价格形成等关键机制问题,运用电力部门细分的递推动态可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型,模拟了在取消电价补贴的背景下全国碳市场引入风电及光伏CCER交易及抵销机制的经济影响。研究发现:引入CCER交易及抵销机制会降低碳配额交易价格,并缓解取消电价补贴对风电和光伏电力的负面影响,但也会削弱全国碳市场的碳减排效果,且随着CCER供给总量增加这些作用更明显;全国碳市场引入CCER交易及抵销机制后,碳排放强度较高的控排行业将选择购买更多的CCER,其中火电行业是主要的CCER需求方;未来我国如果不放开CCER项目备案审批则风电行业将是主要受益方,而未来适度放开CCER项目备案审批则风电和光伏行业都将从中受益。因此,全国碳市场在引入CCER交易及抵销机制的同时需从紧设置初始碳配额发放量,并可考虑适时重启CCER项目备案审批工作以更好地促进风电和光伏电力的发展,但允许的CCER清缴比例上限应结合碳减排目标合理设定,以避免对全国碳市场产生较大冲击。     

Comparing recent geopotential models in Andalusia (Southern Spain)

This work focuses on the comparison between satellite-only and combined Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) derived from the CHAMP and GRACE satellite missions with land gravity anomalies, geoid undulations provided by the gravimetric geoid ANDALUSGeoid2002 and GPS/levelling geoid undulations in Andalusia in order to find the GGM that best fits this area in order to be used in a further geoid computation. The results show that the EIGEN-CG01C model or the combined models GGM02C/EIGEN-CG01C and ITG-CHAMP01E/EIGEN-CG01C should be used.     

Dynamic characteristics of a base isolated building from ambient vibration measurements and low level earthquake shaking

Ambient vibration tests were conducted on a base-isolated apartment building in Takamatsu, Japan, to determine the mode shapes and the associated natural frequencies and damping ratios at very low levels of excitation. The latest developments in signal analysis for modal decomposition are used to analyze the ambient response data. A finite element model of the building and isolators was calibrated and refined using the experimental results from the ambient vibration tests. This model was then used to simulate the recorded response of the building under excitation from a small earthquake. The finite element model, calibrated by ambient vibration data and the low level of earthquake shaking, provides the starting point for modelling the non-linear response of the building when subjected to strong shaking.     

Evaluation of 2-m temperature and precipitation products of the Climate Forecast System version 2 over Iran

Using a continuous multi-decadal simulations over the period 1981–2010, subseasonal to seasonal simulations of the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) over Iran against the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) dataset are evaluated. CFSv2 shows cold biases over northern hillsides of the Alborz Mountains with the Mediterranean climate and warm biases over northern regions of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea with a dry climate. Magnitude of the model bias for 2-m temperature over different regions of Iran varies by season, with the least bias in temperate seasons of spring and autumn, and the largest bias in summer. The model bias decreases as temporal averaging period increases from seasonal to annual. The forecast generally produces dry and wet biases over dry and wet regions of Iran, respectively. In general, 2-m temperature over Iran is better captured than precipitation, but the prediction skill of precipitation is generally high over western Iran. Averaged over Iran, observations indicated that 2-m temperature has been gradually increasing during the studied period, with a rate of approximately 0.5 °C per decade, and the upward trend is well simulated by CFSv2. Averaged over Iran, both observations and simulation results indicated that precipitation has been decreasing in spring, with averaged decreasing trends of 0.8 mm (observed) and 1.7 mm (simulated) per season each year during the period 1981–2010. Observations indicated that the maximum increasing trend of 2-m temperature has occurred over western Iran (nearly 0.7 °C per decade), while the maximum decreasing trend of annual precipitation has occurred over western and parts of southern Iran (nearly 45 to 50 mm per decade).