Hydrographic effects of an intense “medicane” over the central-eastern Mediterranean Sea in 2018

The formation of cyclones over the sea surface is driven by air-sea interaction with feedbacks on wave generation, thermohaline structures, and biochemical properties of upper-ocean layers. In the Mediterranean basin, strong cyclonic systems having tropical-like characteristics are called “medicanes”. The consequences of such events are usually assessed over the land, however, hydrographic effects are particularly difficult to be quantified mostly due to the rarity of oceanographic in-situ monitoring systems. In this study, the hydrographic effects of a high-impact medicane, crossing the central-eastern Mediterranean in late September 2018 are investigated mainly based on Argo float measurements. We traced its hydrographic fingerprint and examined its effects on the upper-layer physical properties by analyzing temperature and salinity profiles from floats that overlapped with its track. Float data is supported by satellite sea surface temperature reanalysis data and meteorological records. The synergistic effects of intense evaporation and vertical mixing mechanisms triggered by the medicane, resulted in abrupt surface cooling, especially in the Ionian and Aegean Seas. A relatively homogenous decrease of temperature in the upper 50-m-depth layer followed, along with the deepening of the mixed-layer depth, corresponding to an estimated per profile average deficit of (-2.72 ± 1.23) x 10⁸ J m⁻² in the ocean heat content. Simultaneously, significant upper-layer freshening occurred because of vertical mixing and heavy rainfall. However, a salinity increase in the subsurface waters was observed after the medicane event, which is associated with both horizontal advection and vertical mixing which followed the weakening of the Atlantic Water signal and the dominance of the Levantine Surface Water in this zone. Our findings highlight strong, short-scale hydrographic alterations made available due to the expansion of the marginal seas operational oceanographic network.     

PHREEQC在五大连池富CO2冷矿泉成因分析中的应用

分析了矿泉形成的水文地质成因,并应用PHREEQC对矿水形成的地球化学过程进行了模拟。初步认定：岩浆活动形成大量以水和二氧化碳为主的气体,沿火山通道上升,到达深大断裂带时与运移到此的地下水混溶,形成CO2高压溶水,CO2高压溶水不断溶蚀围岩。经溶蚀花岗闪长岩形成的深成矿水在上升过程中,在药泉山附近的多级深断裂交汇处汇聚,在沿断裂上升过程中不断与浅层地下水混合后出露地表形成矿泉。泉水绝大部分来源于浅层地下水。     

内蒙古商都地区CO2气成因及其意义

为了认识商都地区CO2气的成因、指导CO2气勘查,分析了气体组分、碳同位素、氦同位素、氢同位素等地球化学特征。结果表明:商都地区CO2气体积分数为97.23%~97.85%,δ13C值为-6.5‰~-5.2‰;伴生气体He同位素3He/4He为(1.69~3.35)×10-6,δD(H2)值为-760‰~-860‰,计算幔源氦的份额可达69.7%~84.8%。以上特征显示,CO2气具有明显的无机成因特征。同时,该区深大断裂发育、岩浆活动强烈及汉诺坝组玄武岩包裹体中CO2广泛分布的地质特点,表明该区具有幔源CO2形成、运聚的地质条件和过程。商都地区幔源岩浆成因的CO2气为无机成因气。商都地区地质条件及已有勘探成果,预示本地区具有良好的CO2气勘探前景。     

深部煤层封存CO_2的地质主控因素探讨

目前世界上多数国家都以CO2捕获和封存作为CO2减排的有效措施之一。向深部不可采煤层中封存CO2能一举两得,既可实现CO2减排的目的,又能置换出煤层甲烷气体。从实验室研究角度出发,分析了煤级、温度、压力、水分及氮气对煤吸附CH4、CO2的影响,并结合煤层气开发选区评价方法,探讨了影响煤层封存CO2的地质主控因素,认为煤种、煤厚、煤层埋深、渗透率是主要控制因素,而地质构造、水文地质、甲烷气含量等为次一级控制因素。综合分析认为,我国煤层封存CO2的潜力很大,而华北地区是深部煤层封存CO2的首选地区。     

祁连山造山带蛇绿岩--古大洋岩石圈探针

蛇绿岩是古大洋岩石圈残片,保存着古大洋岩石圈许多重要信息,在重建古板块边界、古大洋岩石圈组成和性质方面具有重要的作用。近来研究结果表明祁连山造山带蛇绿岩在时空分布、岩石学特征、地球化学特征和生成环境等方面具有多样性,为研究古邦连洋岩石圈性质特征、构造环境、演化过程等提供了重要证据,是认识古祁连洋岩石圈的探针。     

海洋初级生产力的卫星遥感

从海水的光学特性入手,依据卫[JP2]星探测海洋初级生产力的基本原理,详细讨论了大气校正过程,并较为全面地阐述了现有的一些海洋初级生产力模式。通过列举个例对这些模式进行分类讨论,并对模式应用中的一些问题作出了分析和讨论,在此基础上指出了其存在的问题和发展的方向。     

从陆地和海洋生态系统角度辨析大气CO2浓度与全球变暖关系

根据古气候记录的温度与大气CO2浓度变化的关系,结合近百年尺度陆地和海洋生态系统碳库对全球变暖的响应模式,探讨大气CO2浓度升高与全球变暖的关系.结果发现,不论是古气候记录的大气CO2浓度升高的时间滞后于升温的时间,还是古气候与近百年来大气CO2浓度升高幅度相近条件下,两者升温幅度存在约10倍差异的事实,均不支持"大气CO2浓度升高驱动了全球变暖"的观点.近百年尺度陆地和海洋生态系统碳汇功能随升温降低从而增大了大气CO2来源,这有可能是"温度升高促进了大气CO2浓度增加"的原因.陆地生态系统碳汇功能降低的驱动机制可能是由于升温降低了陆地生态系统的净初级生产力,增大了异氧呼吸和有机碳分解速率所致;而海洋CO2吸收能力的降低则可能与升温导致CO2溶解度、海水盐度降低以及海洋温盐环流削弱或破坏等有关.     

从地质时期大气CO_2浓度与温度的对应关系分析现代气候变暖不确定性

气候变化问题是近年来国际社会所关注的热点,对于近代全球是否在变暖？以及驱动变暖的因素到底是什么？是自然过程还是人为作用？科学家们一直对此有着不同的见解.政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）认为现在全球变暖是因为人类活动排放了大量CO2,其浓度增加而导致增温,但是很多科学家并不赞同.为了理清这一问题,本研究整合了近年来有关地质时期及现代大气CO2浓度与温度的关系数据,对其进行了梳理分析,结果显示不论是从地质年代的长尺度上来看,还是从近代的短尺度上来看,CO2浓度变化与全球气温变化之间都不存在一个足以令人信服的关系,因此,以此证明现在温度的增加是由于CO2浓度增加所引起的是不科学的.关于温度变化的驱动因子还存在很大的不确定性,也就不能明确地判断大气温度增加的主导因素是自然过程还是人为作用.     

Influences of Climate Change on the Uptake and Storage of Anthropogenic CO2 in the Global Ocean

A global ocean general circulation model, called LASG/IAP Climate system ocean model (LICOM), is employed to study the influence of climate change on the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in the global ocean. Two simulations were made: the control run (RUN1) with the climatological daily mean forcing data, and the climate change run (RUN2) with the interannually varying daily mean forcing data from the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) of the US. The results show that the simulated distributions and storages of anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon (anDIC) from both runs are consistent with the data-based results. Compared with the data-based results, the simulations generate higher anDIC concentrations in the upper layer and lower storage amount of anDIC between the subsurface and 1000-m depth, especially in RUN1. A comparison of the two runs shows that the interannually varying forcing can enhance the transport of main water masses, so the rate of interior transport of anDIC is increased. The higher transfer rate of anDIC in RUN2 decreases its high concentration in the upper layer and increases its storage amount below the subsurface, which leads to closer distributions of anDIC in RUN2 to the data-based results than in RUN1. The higher transfer rate in RUN2 also induces larger exchange flux than in RUN1. It is estimated that the global oceanic anthropogenic CO 2 uptake was 1.83 and 2.16 Pg C yr 1 in the two runs in 1995, respectively, and as of 1994, the global ocean contained 99 Pg C in RUN1 and 107 Pg C in RUN2 of anDIC, indicating that the model under the interannually varying forcing could take up 8.1% more anthropogenic carbon than the model under the climatological forcing. These values are within the range of other estimates based on observation and model simulation, while the estimates in RUN1 are near the low bound of other works. It is estimated that the variability of root mean square of the global air-sea anthropogenic carbon flux from the simulated monthly mean results of RUN2 with its seasonal cycle and long-term trend removed is 0.1 Pg C yr 1 . The most distinct anomalies appear to be in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean.