基于COⅠ基因片段的中国南部沿海近亲拟相手蟹的群体遗传多样性研究

为了研究我国南部沿海近亲拟相手蟹(Parasesarma affine)的群体遗传结构,本研究对12个地理群体共222个个体的线粒体DNA的细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因片段进行了分析.结果表明,612 bp的COⅠ基因片段检测到34个变异位点,共定义了40个单倍型,其中Hap2为12个群体的共享单倍型,占个体总数...     

浙江新昌光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus)CO Ⅱ和D-loop基因克隆及系统发育分析

采用扩增COⅡ、D-loop序列、进行序列比对和系统树分析并结合形态特征观察的方法,研究了浙江新昌光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus)的系统分类和种类鉴定。形态特征结果表明,新昌光唇鱼具有光唇鱼属鱼类的基本特征;扩增得到COⅡ序列全长691bp,D-loop序列全长931—944bp,A+T含量两基因序列都高于G+C(A+T的含量分别为57.30%—57.80%和65.30%—65.90%),G的含量在四种碱基中最低;COⅡ序列有6个碱基位点存在转换,而D-loop则存在多个碱基的转换、颠换、缺失或插入位点。浙江新昌光唇鱼群体内COⅡ、D-loop基因的平均遗传距离分别为0.003、0.005;基于COⅡ和D-loop序列构建的NJ法系统树均显示新昌光唇鱼与温州光唇鱼(A.wenchowensis)形成一个紧密的簇,序列相似性分别为99.94%和99.36%,遗传距离分别为0.000、0.011,未达到种间分化水平(遗传距离大于0.05),表明新昌光唇鱼与温州光唇鱼为同一种,且根据形态特征可以断定为二个不同的地理群体,而D-loop序列因进化速度较快更适于光唇鱼属种内及近缘物种的种间亲缘关系的研究。研究结果既有助于新昌光唇鱼资源的开发利用,又可为研究光唇鱼类的分类提供参考资料。     

气候变化背景下海-气CO_2通量获取方法综述

综述了国内外海-气CO2通量测量和估算方法的研究进展,对各方法的原理、应用及优缺点做了简要介绍,着重介绍了海洋碳循环数值模式的研究现状、原理方法等,并对海-气CO2通量研究的发展趋势作了展望。     

考虑旋转向量水平分量的大洋内波方程的一个渐近解

对于考虑旋转向量水平分量的大洋内波方程,本文求出了满足该方程的波函数的一个渐近解.该渐近波函数的振荡特性得到研究,结果表明旋转向量水平分量对高模态(高波数)内波的影响是不可忽略的.     

Monitoring CO2 saturation using time‐lapse amplitude versus offset analysis of 3D seismic data from the Ketzin CO2 storage pilot site,Germany

The injection of CO₂ at the Ketzin pilot site commenced in June 2008 and was terminated in August 2013 after 67 kT had been injected into a saline formation at a depth of 630–650 m. As part of the site monitoring program, four 3D surface seismic surveys have been acquired to date, one baseline and three repeats, of which two were conducted during the injection period, and one during the post‐injection phase. The surveys have provided the most comprehensive images of the spreading CO₂ plume within the reservoir layer. Both petrophysical experiments on core samples from the Ketzin reservoir and spectral decomposition of the 3D time‐lapse seismic data show that the reservoir pore pressure change due to CO₂ injection has a rather minor impact on the seismic amplitudes. Therefore, the observed amplitude anomaly is interpreted to be mainly due to CO₂ saturation. In this study, amplitude versus offset analysis has been applied to investigate the amplitude versus offset response from the top of the sandstone reservoir during the injection and post‐injection phases, and utilize it to obtain a more quantitative assessment of the CO₂ gaseous saturation changes. Based on the amplitude versus offset modelling, a prominent decrease in the intercept values imaged at the top of the reservoir around the injection well is indeed associated solely with the CO₂ saturation increase. Any change in the gradient values, which would, in case it was positive, be the only signature induced by the reservoir pressure variations, has not been observed. The amplitude versus offset intercept change is, therefore, entirely ascribed to CO₂ saturation and used for its quantitative assessment. The estimated CO₂ saturation values around the injection area in the range of 40%–60% are similar to those obtained earlier from pulsed neutron‐gamma logging. The highest values of 80% are found in the second seismic repeat in close vicinity to the injection and observation wells.     

口泉断裂断层气地球化学变化特征及断层活动性

2015年对口泉断裂进行了3期断层气地球化学重复观测, 分析了中段石井村剖面和北段上皇庄剖面CO₂、 Rn、 Hg浓度及通量时空变化特征, 发现这两条剖面内CO₂、 Rn浓度及通量时空变化特征基本一致。 石井村剖面CO₂通量、 Rn浓度及通量高于上皇庄剖面。 上皇庄剖面Hg浓度及通量3期随时间持续上升。 认为口泉断裂断层活动活跃, 第四纪活动性中段高于北段, 且北段断层活动呈增强趋势。     

2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗MS5.8地震前后CH4和CO变化

基于卫星高光谱数据讨论鄂尔多斯西缘CH₄和CO气体背景场特征和2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震前后气体异常变化。 结果表明, CH₄和CO气体总量在时间上均存在显著的季节变化, 空间分布上受构造地质背景、 地形地貌影响, 高值区位于银川、 吉兰泰、 河套断陷盆地。 2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震当月, CH₄异常沿鄂尔多斯西缘断裂带呈线性展布, 地震前1周左右, 震中两侧油气田出现CH₄异常, 异常幅度达到6倍标准偏差, 与地震引起附近油气田CH₄逸出增加有关; CO异常空间分布与CH₄基本一致, 时间上滞后CH₄异常1周左右, 持续2周左右后消失。 CH₄和CO关系密切, CO异常部分源自CH₄氧化。     

Controls on fluvial carbon efflux from eroding peatland catchments

Global peatlands store an unparalleled proportion of total global organic carbon but it is vulnerable to erosion into fluvial systems. Fluvial networks are being recognized as areas of carbon transformation, with eroded particulate organic carbon processed to dissolved organic carbon and CO₂. Existing studies indicate biodegradation and photodegradation as key processes controlling the transformation of organic carbon in fluvial systems, with initial concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) identified as a control on the rate of carbon mineralization. This study manipulates temperature and incident light intensity to investigate carbon mineralization rates in laboratory simulations of peatland sediment transport into fluvial systems. By directly measuring gaseous CO₂ emissions from sampled stream water, the relationship of temperature and light intensity with carbon efflux is identified. In simulations where sediment (as particulate organic matter, POM) is absent, temperature is consistently the dominant factor influencing carbon efflux rates. This influence is independent of the initial DOC concentration of the water sample. In simulations where POM was added, representing a peatland river receiving eroded terrestrial sediment, initial DOC concentration predicts 79% of the variation in total gaseous carbon efflux whereas temperature and light intensity predict 12% and 3%, respectively. When sampled stream water's mineralization rates in the presence of added POM are analysed independently, removing DOC as a model variable, the dominant variable affecting CO₂ efflux is opposite for each sample. This study presents novel data suggesting peatland erosion introduces further complexity to dynamic stream systems where rates of carbon transformation processes and the influence of specific environmental variables are interdependent. Anthropogenic climate change is identified as a leading risk factor perpetuating peatland erosion; therefore, understanding the fate of terrestrial sediment in rivers and further quantifying the benefits of protecting peatland soils will be of increasing importance to carbon budgeting and ecosystem function studies.     

A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Warming and Elevated CO2 on Soil Microbes

Soil microbes play important roles in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. Climatic warming and elevated CO₂ are two aspects of climatic change. In this study, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesise observations related to the effects of warming and elevated CO₂ on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Ecosystem types were mainly grouped into forests and grasslands. Warming methods included open top chambers and infrared radiators. Experimental settings included all-day warming, daytime warming and nighttime warming. Warming increased soil actinomycetes and saprotrophic fungi, while elevated CO₂ decreased soil gram-positive bacteria (G⁺). Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were negatively correlated with warming effects on gram-negative bacteria (G^-) and total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), respectively. Elevation was positively correlated with the warming effect on total PLFA, bacteria, G⁺ and G^-. Grassland exhibited a positive response of total PLFA and actinomycetes to warming, while forest exhibited a positive response in the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria (F/B ratio) to warming. The open top chamber method increased G^-, while the infrared radiator method decreased the F/B ratio. Daytime warming rather than all-day warming increased G^-. Our findings indicated that the effects of warming on soil microbes differed with ecosystem types, warming methods, warming times, elevation and local climate conditions.     

喀斯特关键带水—土—气CO2分压垂直转化特征及影响因素

喀斯特关键带是碳循环在岩石圈、大气圈、水圈和生物圈的主要综合作用区域,各层相互作用形成不同的反应体系,其中,CO₂扮演了十分重要的作用。通过对双河洞洞穴上覆土壤及洞穴水及空气CO₂浓度的监测,采用数理统计分析方法,根据碳酸平衡系统理论对CO₂的垂直向转化特征进行系统分析。结果表明：CO₂的垂直向转化过程受洞穴内外部气温变化、滴水pH及脱气沉积过程的影响,其供给来源、离子饱和状况在雨季和旱季存在明显差异;雨季时,大气降水在土壤中下渗速度较快,构成一个相对稳定的封闭环境,土壤、表层喀斯特带对渗透水CO₂补充作用较弱,渗透水中CO₂分压（即PCO₂）变化范围在0.035~0.126 vol%,洞内水—气CO₂分压（△lg PCO₂ > 0）,洞穴水具有溶蚀性,此时表层喀斯特带下部中的CO₂应为洞穴水CO₂的主要来源;旱季时,由于降水量较小,渗透水有充分时间接受土壤与表层喀斯特带CO₂补充,构成开放系统,渗透水变化范围为0.038 vol%~0.095 vol%,更有利于发生先期沉积过程（PCP）,此时洞内空气PCO₂小于洞穴水（△lg PCO₂ < 0）,促使滴水在洞内再次发生沉积、形成沉积物,此时土壤和表层喀斯特带均为洞穴水CO₂的主要来源。