华北冬小麦品种演变过程中CO2补偿点变化分析

CO₂补偿点是作物生长模型中最基本的关键模型参数之一,本文利用Licor-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,对1949年以前和1949-2005年中国华北地区不同年代冬小麦主要品种的生理生态参数进行大量的系统测定,在此基础上,对华北地区不同冬小麦品种的光合作用模型进行拟合,以确定不同年代不同品种冬小麦CO2的补偿点。结果表明：中国华北地区冬小麦CO₂补偿点随光强升高而降低,在800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光量子通量密度条件下,野生麦种CO₂补偿点最高,达123.40 μmol·mol^-1。1949-2005年华北地区不同冬小麦品种中泰山1号CO₂补偿点最高,达107.07 μmol·mol^-1;红秃头CO₂补偿点最低,为57.25 μmol·mol^-1;不同品种冬小麦CO₂补偿点最高值和最低值差值为49.82 μmol·mol^-1,说明华北地区冬小麦随品种演化CO₂补偿点变化明显。建立了中国华北地区7个典型冬小麦品种包含CO₂因子的直角双曲线光合作用模型,确定了不同年代不同品种冬小麦CO₂的补偿点,为进一步建立包含CO₂直接作用的气候变化影响评估机理模型提供基础数据。     

莺歌海盆地浅层气藏二氧化碳分布特征及其原因分析

从CO₂的成因、充注期次以及不同底辟发育特征等出发,对不同类型底辟之上的CO₂分布特征及其原因进行了分析。研究认为：浅层二氧化碳主要来源于壳源碳酸盐岩的高温分解,其分布差异的主要原因是流体组成、充注期次的不同以及底辟活动强度的差异。在低幅度弱能量底辟带,二氧化碳主要富集在烃类气储层的下部。在高幅度中等能量底辟带,二氧化碳呈现明显的分块分层特征：在断裂的同一侧,浅层富烃,深层富二氧化碳;断裂上盘相对富烃,断裂下盘相对富二氧化碳;同一气层内部,靠近断裂富二氧化碳,远离断裂富烃。在喷口型强能量底辟带,二氧化碳的分布没有明显的规律性。研究还表明,CO₂分布深度与水中CO₂溶解度有关,深层地层水中的CO₂溶解度很大,游离态的CO₂大量出现的可能性较小。     

中国能否实现2020年的二氧化碳减排目标?(英文)

本文基于动态CGE模型构建了一个能源-经济-环境模型,对2020年的CO2减排的潜力和政策选择进行了模拟。结果显示,碳税和投资调整是减缓CO2排放增长的有效政策手段,但它们对GDP会产生负面影响。加快技术进步可以同时促进减排和经济增长。在高技术进步+中碳税,以及低技术进步+中碳税+中投资调整的情景下,中国2020年的CO2排放量将达到92.7-95.5亿t,CO2排放强度将为1.38-1.43t 万元-1。根据中国政府提出的2020年的减排目标,中国CO2排放强度需要由2005年的2.41t 万元-1降到2020年的1.45t 万元-1(2007年不变价表示)。但要实现这40%的减排目标并非易事,因为在正常的技术进步条件下再提高能源效率需要更多的投资来进行设备更新和技术改造。另外,未来的能源供给约束对CO2减排也会产生深刻的影响。未来中国应该大力发展低碳技术,国际社会应该支持中国发展低碳技术。     

The Analysis of CO_2 Influence Factors in Tianquan Cave of Xingwen World Geopark

A Vaisala CARBOCAP Hand-Held Carbon Dioxide Meter GM70 was used to measure CO 2 concentration in Tianquan cave of Xingwen world Geopark.The study was done in Tianquan cave during July and August,2008.Data sources include the influence factors of distribution of CO 2:elevation,tourists,cross section and depth of the cave.Results indicated tourists have strong impacts on the CO 2 concentration,while no significant differences could be found among different elevation.Furthermore,significant correlation could be found among the depth of cave,the small cross section,the tourist’s construction and the CO 2 concentration.Those results indicate that the CO 2 concentration in Tianquan cave has no threat to the health of tourists.The results and the data provide a scientific basis for the protection of people’s health and the exploitation of cave tourism.     

山东东营花沟地区不同成因气的浅层地球化学效应

应用地球化学方法预测有机成因的烃类气藏和无机成因的CO2气藏取得了良好的地质效果。建立了一套区别不同成因气藏的有效指标组合,即以全烃、不同赋存状态的CO2、光谱特征、CO2碳同位素等为主体,为天然气勘探开发提供了可靠的地球化学依据。     

大洋环流模式的温盐表面边界条件处理及其影响研究评述

对常用的大洋环流模式温度和盐度的表面边界条件处理方案进行了总结,在此基础上,讨论了不同处理方案对大洋环流变化模拟结果的影响,指出了不同边界条件各自的适用范围。较为典型的温度边界条件包括Haney型边界条件、Rahmstorf等恢复型边界条件、Schopf零热容量条件以及通量条件;盐度边界条件主要包括恢复型边界条件、通量型边界条件以及自然边界条件。边界处理方案之不同,不仅影响到模式气候态和年际变率的模拟,还影响到一些典型大洋环流变化现象的模拟结果,如极地盐跃层突变现象、海洋层结强烈翻转的冲刷现象、热盐环流的多平衡态现象以及淡水冲击对热盐环流的影响等问题。     

减少温室气体向大气层的排放--CO2地下储藏研究

本文中简要介绍了CO2收集的基本原理和技术,提出了我国进行CO2收集技术预研究的建议。     

Earth tides observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern Alaska

We analyzed gravity data obtained in Juneau and global positioning system (GPS) data obtained from three PBO sites in southeastern Alaska (SE-AK), which are part of a US research facility called ‘EarthScope’, and we compared the obtained tidal amplitudes and phases with those estimated from the predicted tides including both effects of the body tide and ocean tide. Global tide models predict the ocean tides in this region of complex coastline and bathymetry. To improve the accuracy of prediction, we developed a regional ocean tide model in SE-AK.Our comparison results suggest: (1) by taking into account the ocean tide effect, the amplitude differences between the observation and the predicted body tide is remarkably reduced for both the gravity and displacement (e.g. for the M₂ constituent, 8.5–0.3 μGal, and 2.4–0.1 cm at the AB50 GPS site in Juneau in terms of the vector sum of three components of the north–south, east–west and up–down), even though the ocean tide loading is large in SE-AK. (2) We have confirmed the precise point positioning (PPP) method, which was used to extract the tidal signals from the original GPS time series, works well to recover the tidal signals. Although the GPS analysis results still contain noise due to the atmosphere and multipath, we may conclude that the GPS observation surely detects the tidal signals with the sub-centimeter accuracy or better for some of the tidal constituents. (3) In order to increase the accuracy of the tidal prediction in SE-AK, it is indispensable to improve the regional ocean tide model developed in this study, especially for the phase.     

Infrared imagery of ‘breaking’ internal waves

Airborne infrared imagery is shown to provide preliminary evidence of surface thermal expressions associated with internal waves that become unstable and break over the continental shelf. These expressions include a narrow wave front that is warmer than the ambient; a wide, spatially intermittent ‘wake’ that is colder than the ambient; and ∼O (10 m) diameter surface-renewal ‘boils’ that populate the wake. These thermal signatures might be useful in assessing the spatial distribution and structure of breaking internal waves.