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121.
122.
Zhongming Zheng Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Fang Wang Qinfeng Gao Peifeng Bai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(3):218-224
Sediment samples were collected from three seawater aquaculture ponds, and soil characteristics, sediment oxygen consumption (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient fluxes were measured using chamber incubations at laboratory. The three ponds were each representing a specific monoculture or polyculture model of sea cucumber. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the dry sediment ranged from 0.14 to 0.26% and 0.022 to 0.037%, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) contents in the sediment were more spatially and temporally variable. SOC ranged from 15.29 to 45.86 mmol m–2 d–1 and showed significant differences among the three ponds (p < 0.05). TOC, total carbon (TC) contents, and SOC of the sediment in the pond polycultured with jellyfish increased with culture time, indicating that jellyfish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic matter in the sediments to some extent. Sediment showed net nitrate and ammonium uptake in most ponds and months, and significant differences were found among months (p < 0.05). Dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was released from the sediments in all ponds with low flux rates. DOC was released from the sediment in all ponds and ranged from 0.67 to 1.74 g DOC m–2 d–1. The results suggested that non‐artificial‐feeding sea cucumber culture ponds could not only yield valuable seafood products, but also effectively remove nutrients from the aquaculture systems and consequently alleviate nutrient loadings of the nearby coast. 相似文献
123.
Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Peter W. Swarzenski William H. Orem Benjamin F. McPherson Mark Baskaran Yongshan Wan 《Marine Chemistry》2006,101(3-4):248-265
The distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ba, U, and a suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (222Rn, 223,224,226,228Ra) were studied during high- and low-discharge conditions in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida to examine the role of submarine groundwater discharge in estuarine transport. The fresh water endmember of this still relatively pristine estuary may reflect not only river-borne constituents, but also those advected during active groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange. During both discharge conditions, Ba concentrations indicated slight non-conservative mixing. Such Ba excesses could be attributed either to submarine groundwater discharge or particle desorption processes. Estuarine dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highest at salinities closest to zero. Uranium distributions were lowest in the fresh water sites and mixed mostly conservatively with an increase in salinity. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were generally lowest (< 5 mg L− 1) close to zero salinity and increased several-fold ( 18 mg L− 1; low discharge) toward the seaward endmember, which may be attributed to dynamic resuspension of bottom sediments within Jupiter Inlet.Surface water-column 222Rn activities were most elevated (> 28 dpm L− 1) at the freshwater endmember of the estuary and appear to identify regions of the river most influenced by the discharge of fresh groundwater. Activities of four naturally occurring isotopes of Ra (223,224,226,228Ra) in this estuary and select adjacent shallow groundwater wells yield mean estuarine water-mass transit times of less than 1 day; these values are in close agreement to those calculated by tidal prism and tidal frequency. Submarine groundwater discharge rates to the Loxahatchee River estuary were calculated using a tidal prism approach, an excess 226Ra mass balance, and an electromagnetic seepage meter. Average SGD rates ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 × 105 m3 d− 1 (20–74 L m− 2 d− 1), depending on river-discharge stage. Such calculated SGD estimates, which must include both a recirculated as well as fresh water component, are in close agreement with results obtained from a first-order watershed mass balance. Average submarine groundwater discharge rates yield NH4+ and PO4− 3 flux estimates to the Loxahatchee River estuary that range from 62.7 to 1063.1 and 69.2 to 378.5 μmol m− 2 d− 1, respectively, depending on river stage. SGD-derived nutrient flux rates are compared to yearly computed riverine total N and total P load estimates. 相似文献
124.
Responses of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nutrient input from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) has been increasing dramatically since the 1960s. At the mouth of the Changjiang River, the nitrate concentration has increased about three-fold in 40 years, from 20.5 μmol/L in the 1960s to 59.1 μmol/L in the 1980s and to 80.6 μmol/L in 1990–2004. Phosphate concentration increased by a factor of 30%, from 0.59 μmol/L in the 1980s to 0.77 μmol/L in 1990–2004. The increasing nitrate input has arisen mostly from the mid and lower reaches of the Changjiang River, where the river meets one of the most strongly developed agriculture areas in China. Responses of the coastal phytoplankton community to the increasing nutrient inputs are also seen in the available monitoring data. First, a trend of increasing phytoplankton standing stock from 1984 to 2002 appeared in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent coastal waters, especially in late spring. Secondly, the proportion of diatoms in the whole phytoplankton community showed a decreasing trend from about 85% in 1984 to about 60% in 2000. Finally, red tides/harmful algal blooms increased dramatically in this area in terms of both number and scale. About 30–80 red tide events were recorded each year from 2000 to 2005 in the East China Sea. The scale of some blooms has been in excess of 10,000 km2. 相似文献
125.
M. Vicente M. Falcão M.N. Santos M. Caetano D. Serpa C. Vale C. Monteiro 《Continental Shelf Research》2008
This study investigates environmental assessment of artificial reef systems deployed at different areas in terms of nutrient cycling and seabed organic enrichment. Two identical artificial reef systems: Olhão Artificial Reef—OAR (37°00′55″N and 007°44′54″W) and Faro Artificial Reef—FAR (36°58′65″N and 008°00′91″W) were deployed in southern Portuguese coast, adjacent to a highly productive coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa) in 1990 and monitorized over two years (1992–1993). Water samples were collected within OAR and FAR systems, inside the lagoon (L) and in a non-reef area (NRA) to evaluate nutrient dynamics. Settled particles and sediment cores were also sampled within OAR and FAR to determine aluminium, calcium, silicon and chlorophyll a and organic and inorganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. Results obtained showed that: (i) water column nutrients evidenced seasonal and spatial variability. The maximum nutrients concentration was recorded inside the lagoon and in OAR, mainly during warmer periods. Ammonium, nitrate and silicate in OAR were statistically higher (p<0.01, n=18) than in FAR and NRA; (ii) particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in FAR settled particles were significantly higher (p<0.005) than those collected at OAR; and (iii) organic carbon and nitrogen, calcium, aluminium and chlorophyll a in OAR upper sediment were higher than at FAR. The overall results suggest that OAR is a productive system, emphasizing its contribution to the trophic chain pull out, while FAR presented oceanic oligotrophic water. 相似文献
126.
铁对浮游植物吸收营养盐的围隔实验初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用围隔实验初步研究了铁的加入对浮游植物吸收营养盐的影响。结果表明,春季向黄海天然水体中进行单纯的DIN和PO4-P加富并不能明显地促进浮游植物的生长(M2与M1相比),在营养盐加富的条件下铁的加入则能够对浮游植物的生长起到明显地促进作用(M3、M4与M2相比);铁的加入能够明显提高浮游植物对DIN和PO4-P的吸收利用率。加铁围隔M3和M4中浮游植物对DIN的吸收利用率分别为59%和45%,分别比M2提高了9倍和6.5倍;对PO4-P的吸收利用率分别为88%和86%,均比M2提高了3.2倍。M3和M4中浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率分别是M1的2倍和M2的1.5倍;对磷的平均吸收速率以M3中最高,达到了其他围隔袋的2倍之多。铁的加入能够提高浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率;对于磷来说,低浓度(10-2μmol/L)添加铁似乎对其吸收速率无甚影响,但是添加10-1μmol/L的铁能够明显的促进浮游植物对磷的吸收速率。铁的加入能够明显降低浮游植物体内的氮磷比,且这种响应非常敏感。 相似文献
127.
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129.
川蔓藻是近海生态系统中重要的初级生产力。了解它的生态学特征对于河口海岸带的生态修复具有重要意义。本文结合在天津滨海湿地生态修复工程中对于川蔓藻的研究成果,从5个方面探讨了川蔓藻的生态学特征及其与环境的关系:(1)川蔓藻对极端环境因子的适应;(2)川蔓藻在资源分配上的繁殖策略;(3)川蔓藻的矿质营养代谢以及对生物地球化学过程的影响;(4)川蔓藻种群衰退的原因;(5)川蔓藻在环境修复中的应用。其中着重讨论了川蔓藻对环境变化的响应,并结合我们的研究工作展望了它在环境工程与近岸水体修复中的应用潜力。 相似文献
130.
Ana I. Sousa Ana I. Lillebø Miguel A. Pardal Isabel Caçador 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
This study aimed to assess the contribution of different salt marsh halophytes (Spartina maritima, Scirpus maritimus, Halimione portulacoides, Sarcocornia fruticosa, and Sarcocornia perennis) to nutrient cycling and sequestration in warm-temperate salt marshes. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in plant organs and rhizosediment, as well as plant biomass were monitored every two months during one year. Results show that the C retained in the rhizosediment does not seem to be species or site specific. However, some halophytes seem to have a higher contribution to retain C from external sources, namely S. perennis and S. maritima. Regarding N, halophytes colonizing the upper and middle marsh areas had the highest NBPP (net belowground primary production) as well as the retention of N in the rhizosediment. Yet, excluding S. maritimus, all halophytes seem to contribute to the retention of N from external sources. The P retained in the rhizosediment does not seem to be species or site specific. Still, only S. maritima colonizing the lower marsh areas, which also had comparatively lower NBPP, seem to have a higher contribution to retain P from external sources. Additionally, it seems that there is no relation between plants sequestration capacity for nutrients and plant photosynthetic pathway. This work shows that nutrient cycling and accumulation processes by salt marsh halophytes contribute to reduce eutrophication (N and P retention) and also to reduce atmospheric CO2 (C retention), highlighting salt marsh ecosystems services and the crucial role of halophytes in maintaining ecosystem functions and health. 相似文献