内蒙古狼山地区叠布斯格岩群锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其对阿拉善地块构造演化的制约

阿拉善地块位于华北克拉通西端,其早前寒武纪地质演化一直存在争议。选取阿拉善地块东北缘的叠布斯格岩群为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析,探讨阿拉善地块的性质和归属及华北克拉通早期地质演化。叠布斯格岩群主要由变质沉积岩和变质火山岩组成,包括高级变质的片麻岩、大理岩、石英岩、角闪岩,并被古元古代钾质花岗岩侵入。来自叠布斯格岩群3个副片麻岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,叠布斯格岩群副片麻岩中碎屑锆石的207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为2.60~2.10 Ga,变质锆石的年龄显示叠布斯格岩群经历了1.98~1.90 Ga和1.90~1.79 Ga的两组峰期变质作用,指示叠布斯格岩群原岩形成于2.10~1.98 Ga。研究区未发现有太古宙岩石出露,但不排除其下部地壳中存在太古宙基底岩石的可能。碎屑锆石的Lu-Hf同位素数据结果显示,叠布斯格岩群副片麻岩中碎屑锆石的εHf(t)均为负值,指示其成岩物质源于古—中太古代(3.42~2.79 Ga)古老地壳在新太古代晚期—古元古代早期的重熔或再造。通过对比叠布斯格岩群和阴山地块、孔兹岩带的岩浆-变质事件及Hf同位素特征,推测阿拉善地块前寒武纪基底在古元古代可能是孔兹岩带的一部分。     

Relationship between North Pacific SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008

Based on the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data, the relationship between the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Pacific and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008 is analyzed in this study. The SSTA mode most correlated with the Geopotential Height anomalies (GHAs) in January 2008 in the North Pacific exhibited a basin-wide horseshoe pattern with a warm center in November 2007. This persistent SSTA pattern would induce positive GHAs in the Aleutian Low area and East Asia and the northward extension of the West Pacific Subtropical High in January 2008 by maximum diabatic heating in the atmosphere over the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) area, leading to the occurence of the circumpolar trough-ridge wave train anomaly in January 2008.     

Contribution of a pathway through the Arctic Ocean to the re cent reduction in the ice cover

The sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean has been reducing and hit the low record in the summer of 2007. The anomaly was extremely large in the Pacific sector. The sea level height in the Bering Sea vs. the Greenland Sea has been analyzed and compared with the current meter data through the Bering Strait. A recent peak existed as a consequence of atmospheric circulation and is considered to contribute to inflow of the Pacific Water into the Arctic Basin. The timing of the Pacific Water inflow matched with the sea ice reduction in the Pacific sector and suggests a significant increase in heat flux. This component should be included in the model prediction for answering the question when the Arctic sea ice becomes a seasonal ice cover.     

The Pleistocene evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Prydz bay region: stable isotopic evidence from ODP Site 1167

Ocean Drilling Program Leg 188, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica is part of a larger initiative to explore the Cenozoic history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet through direct drilling and sampling of the continental margins. In this paper, we present stable isotopic results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1167 located on the Prydz Channel Trough Mouth Fan (TMF), the first Antarctic TMF to be drilled. The foraminifer-based δ¹⁸O record is interpreted along with sedimentary and downhole logging evidence to reconstruct the Quaternary glacial history of Prydz Bay and the adjacent Lambert Glacier Amery Ice Shelf System (LGAISS). We report an electron spin resonance age date of 36.9±3.3 ka at 0.45 m below sea floor and correlate suspected glacial–interglacial cycles with the global isotopic stratigraphy to improve the chronology for Site 1167. The δ¹⁸O record based on planktonic (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s.)) and limited benthic results (Globocassidulina crassa), indicates a trend of ice sheet expansion that was interrupted by a period of reduced ice volume and possibly warmer conditions during the early–mid-Pleistocene (0.9–1.38 Ma). An increase in δ¹⁸O values after 900 ka appears to coincide with the mid-Pleistocene climate transition and the expansion of the northern hemisphere ice sheet. The δ¹⁸O record in the upper 50 m of the stratigraphic section indicates as few as three glacial–interglacial cycles, tentatively assigned as marine isotopic stages (MIS) 16–21, are preserved since the Brunhes/Matuyama paleomagnetic reversal (780 ka). This suggests that there is a large unconformity near the top of the section and/or that there may have been few extreme advances of the ice sheet since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition resulting in lowered sedimentation rates on the Prydz Channel TMF. The stable isotopic record from Site 1167 is one of the few available from the area south of the Antarctic Polar Front that has been linked with the global isotopic stratigraphy. Our results suggest the potential for the recovery of useful stable isotopic records in other TMFs.     

新疆洪旱灾害与大尺度气候强迫因子的联系

通过对新疆洪灾灾害历史资料和太阳黑子、ENSO事件年数据以及北大西洋涛动指数的分析,表明在太阳黑子极低值年或不活跃年,新疆易发生重大洪灾,而在太阳黑子低值年或相对不活跃年,新疆也易发生重大旱灾。近200a来,新疆重大洪旱灾害绝大部分都发生在太阳黑子的低谷时期。ENSO事件对新疆夏季降水的影响效应明显。因而该事件对新疆的洪旱灾害也产生了影响。对近50年来灾害统计资料分析显示,与拉尼娜年相比,在厄尔尼诺年新疆更易发生洪旱灾害。20世纪后半段新疆洪旱灾害指数与北大西洋涛动指数进行对比可以发现．夏季NAO指数与新疆洪水灾害之间存在大致上的反相关系。而冬季NAO指数与新疆干旱灾害之间存在比较明显的反相关系。     

南极海洋保护区建设及法律政治争论

《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》框架下的海洋保护区建设备受国际社会关注。2009年,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会建立了第一个海洋保护区,但2012年以来,罗斯海海洋保护区提案以及东南极海洋保护区代表体系提案却一直没有进展,其中涉及了南极条约体系解读与海洋保护区定义等法律争论、保护区建设与地缘政治控制以及排斥其他国家渔业活动等政治争论。研究表明,虽然委员会有权建立海洋保护区,以实现养护南极生物资源的目标,但两个提案一定程度上超越了委员会的职责范围;且这两个提案一定程度上都与提案国的南极领土主权以及渔业活动相关联,无法排除其他国家的政治关切;提案每年变化,也体现了政治妥协。因此,为真正实现按公约养护南极生物资源的目标,应切实解决相关的法律与政治关切,提高程序的透明度,扩大参与度,并认真实施对已建立的海洋保护区的研究与监测。     

页岩气藏地质学特征研究新进展——来自2011年AAPG年会的信息

以2011年美国AAPG年会论文摘要和大会专题发言材料为主要依据,结合近年来对北美地区页岩气野外地质考察的成果,对页岩气藏的地质学特征作了一个基本介绍。重点介绍北美地区页岩气藏的分布和开发现状,页岩气藏的地层沉积相和层序地层特征,储集岩特征和岩石学、成岩作用特征4个方面的内容,并结合中国页岩气藏研究的现状,对中国页岩气资源潜力进行了概述性分析。     

南大洋海-气CO_2通量研究进展

南大洋是全球最重要的CO2汇区之一。准确估算南大洋及其各海区的海-气CO2通量,是全球碳循环研究的重要内容,其对预测和评估未来南大洋在全球变暖日益加剧的背景下发挥的作用有重要意义。但由于南大洋广阔的海域,恶劣的气候条件、自身复杂的水文物理及地球化学过程等原因,目前对南大洋的CO2通量的评估不一而足,存在较大差异和不确定性。本文讨论了南大洋海-气CO2通量的估算方法和各个海域海-气CO2通量研究的最新进展,并分析了南大洋海-气CO2通量的控制及影响因素。目前对南大洋的年吸收量估计为大约在0.1-0.6PgCyr-1,同时,所有的研究都表明,其存在极大的年度变化性。并且,由于各个海区受到生物、物理和水文等各方面的影响,表层海水CO2分压(pCO2)表现出极大的时空变异性。     

内蒙古西太仆寺破火山碎斑熔岩与流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

内蒙古西太仆寺破火山内碎斑熔岩与流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为140.1±0.6Ma和138.3±0.9Ma,为早白垩世初期岩浆活动的产物。2类岩石具有一致的地球化学特征,都表现出高硅,富碱,贫钙、镁、钛、磷的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列;铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.99~1.13,主要为过铝质岩石。岩石富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Ti、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,强烈负Eu异常（δEu=0.06~0.24）,稀土元素配分图呈右倾的海鸥型。Ba、Sr也表现出强烈亏损的特征。此外,岩石还具有高的TFeO/MgO（5.64~43.29）和104×Ga/Al（2.96~4.41）值。地球化学特征表明,碎斑熔岩和流纹岩具有铝质A型花岗岩的特征,可能是在区域岩石圈伸展环境下,深部软流圈的上涌和幔源镁铁质岩浆的底侵作用,对上覆地壳直接的加热作用促使其部分熔融形成的。