FFT实现物理大地测量边值问题类型转换

本文讨论了用快速付里叶变换(FFT)由大地水准面高度数据反算重力异常数据,由此提出了用FFT实现物理大地测量过值问题类型转换这一思想,并与正交基函数法进行了比较,从而得出运用FFT这一方法能达到简化边值问题本身和运算步骤以及节省计算时间的目的。     

水溶液的pH值对铀沉淀的影响

形成酸性或碱性含铀溶液,而后又发生中和作用,这是形成铀矿床的一对极有利的条件。接近中性的水介质有利于铀的沉淀。中和作用是各种铀沉淀作用的触发钮。由中和作用引起的铀的还原沉淀作用称为中和还原作用。铀的还原沉淀是在水-铀比电位值△Eh_水~U<0的条件下发生的(△Eh_水~U=Eh_水-Eh_0~U)。铀的还原沉淀不仅是依靠Eh_水的降低,同时与Eh_水~U的回升或下降速率有关。花岗岩铀矿床中往往不存在强烈的还原剂,热液上升过程中,一般很难提高它的还原能力,这时中和还原作用就显得格外重要。这是研究铀矿成矿机制和富矿条件的一条新线索。     

用振幅衰减系数和卓越频率衰减系数测定Q值的探讨

云南地区小震活动频繁,为充分利用这些小震所提供的信息,我们讨论了小震地震波振幅衰减系数和卓越频率衰减系数的变化,并探讨了这两个系数和Q值的关系。     

The two-component extreme value distribution for flood frequency analysis: Derivation of a new estimation method

The two component extreme value (TCEV) distribution has recently been shown to account for most of the characteristics of the real flood experience. A new method of parameter estimation for this distribution is derived using the principle of maximum entropy (POME). This method of parameter estimation is suitable for application in both the site-specific and regional cases and appears simpler than the maximum likelihood estimation method. Statistical properties of the regionalized estimation were evaluated using a Monte Carlo approach and compared with those of the maximum likelihood regional estimators.     

Least squares parameter estimation in chaotic differential equations

A recent least squares algorithm, which is designed to adapt implicit models to given sets of data, especially models given by differential equations or dynamical systems, is reviewed and used to fit the Hénon-Heiles differential equations to chaotic data sets.This numerical approach for estimating parameters in differential equation models, called theboundary value problem approach, is based on discretizing the differential equations like a boundary value problem,e.g. by a multiple shooting or collocation method, and solving the resulting constrained least squares problem with a structure exploiting generalized Gauss-Newton-Method (Bock, 1981).Dynamical systems like the Hénon-Heiles system which can have initial values and parameters that lead to positive Lyapunov exponents or phase space filling Poincaré maps give rise to chaotic time series. Various scenarios representing ideal and noisy data generated from the Hénon-Heiles system in the chaotic region are analyzedw.r.t. initial conditions, parameters and Lyapunov exponents. The original initial conditions and parameters are recovered with a given accuracy. The Lyapunov spectrum is then computed directly from the identified differential equations and compared to the spectrum of the true dynamics.presently at IWR, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany     

碎石类土极限承载力标准值表的研究

以可靠度理论为基础的极限状态设计法是当今世界工程设计领域的发展趋势,地基基础要应用可靠度理论进行设计是一大难点,而地基极限承栽力标准值的确定是最重要的方面。利用原制订基本承载力时的荷载试验资料,再补充收集了一部分新资料,重新提出极限承载力,找出极限承栽力与基本承载力的关系值K(安全系数),将K值乘以基本承载力表,并以公式计算值及林业部标准进行比较。综合得出极限承载力范围值表,在此基础上进行概率分析,得出极限承载力标准值。通过直接或间接的方法求得极限承载力标准值变异系数。     

层状地基持力层承载力的确定

通过对层状地基的分析 ,提出了对层状地基持力层承载力进行修正的方法 ,并通过对同一住宅小区已沉降稳定的 2栋楼采用的承载力及使用情况分析 ,验正本方法的合理性     

趋势面分析在山西朔州王坪井田构造研究中的应用

针对王坪井田3号煤层底板起伏变化大．严重影响开拓及采煤巷道布置的现状．利用趋势面分析的方法．分析了井田内的构造展布规律．研究表明．井田在主向斜的基础上．存在次级背斜和NE和NW两组断裂．与本区受到多期次的构造应力场作用相吻合．得出的3号煤层底板高程二次趋势面方程．可为3号煤层开拓及采煤巷道的设计提供地质依据．     

Conceptual study — An improved method to assess acidification in German streams by using benthic macroinvertebrates

The present study is based mainly upon the authors' hydrochemical and hydrobiological studies of small silicate streams in South-West Germany, principally in the Black Forest and the Odenwald.

The aim of the paper is the adaptation of a practically proven four-level biological classification system of different degrees of acidity using benthic maroinvertebrates to a five-level system of acidification of mainly upland streams with low buffer capacity. The main reason for such a five-class system is the Water Framework Directive of the European Union (EU WFD), which lays down a five-level classification system for the assessment of the ecological quality of waters.

The biological method of assessing the state of acidity for evaluation of the degree of anthropogenic acidification under the directive, and principles of the EU WFD, are also described. A list of 278 taxa of the macrozoobenthos has been reclassified from a four-level system to a five-level biological indication system, based upon the authors' scientific expertise and the latest references from literature of different acid sensitive areas in Germany.     

TOC changes in the process of thermal evolution of source rock and its controls

Through geological observation, simulation in laboratory and numerical modeling, the factors that control the changes in total organic content (TOC) of source rock have been studied. When the formula DTOC=(TOC0-TOC)/TOC0 (original organic carbon content in the rock) is used to measure the TOC (total organic carbon content) changes in the source rock through geological time, the degrees and directions of such changes are determined by losses and relative amounts both of organic and inorganic matter in the source rock. The DTOC equation, which is used to calculate the loss rate in the process of maturation for the source rock, is therefore obtained by analyzing the mass balance relations. For a certain type of source rock with a certain maturation history, the changes of its TOC respond only to the rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In actual cases of geological entities, DTOC generally ranges from -0.05 to 0.2, while the calculated reconversion coefficient (k) for organic carbon content remains between 0.90 and 1.25. Only in an ideal situation where there are extremely high rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion can the DTOC value experience significant changes, with k reaching up to 2.5. It is concluded, therefore, that the criterion for carbonates source rock assessment, based on reconverting the TOC to the value of its original state, may have overestimated the course of the "carbon-reduction", which is likely in many cases to make a poor source rock sound better.