An Experimental Styudy on Gold Solubility in Amino Acid Solution and Its Geological Significance

The experiments on gold solubility in amino acid solution mdicate that gold is very intensively soluble in amino acid(or other organic acids),which is extensively present in geological bodies,and is most soluble in histidine.The temperature and concentration,acidity and type of amino acid in the solution are important factors affecting gold-amino acid complexing. The solubility of gold in amino acid is different under different conditions of temperature, amino acid concentration and pH value of the solution,At 80℃ and pH=6-8,gold is most soluble in amino acid.Gold dispersed in water and rocks could be concentrated and transported by amino acid and then precipitated in favorable loci.Amino acids might have played an important role in metallogenesis as well as in the formation of source beds of gold.Nitrogen,oxygen and sulfur in amino acid might have reacted with gold to form soluble complex ions.     

一类测井响应方程存在的必要条件

本文将测井分析中所用的绝大多数响应方程归并为一类,给出了这类方程的一般形式。同时,根据一个基本事实导出了这类方程存在的必要条件,从而建立了检验和评价它们的理论标准,并已得到了实验验证。     

Extraterrestrial Organic Compounds in Meteorites

Many organic compounds or their precursorsfound in meteorites originated in the interstellar or circumstellarmedium and were later incorporated intoplanetesimals during the formation of thesolar system. There they either survivedintact or underwent further processing tosynthesize secondary products on themeteorite parent body.The most distinct feature of CI and CM carbonaceouschondrites, two typesof stony meteorites, is their high carbon content(up to 3% of weight), either in theform of carbonates or of organic compounds. The bulkof the organic carbon consistsof an insoluble macromolecular material with a complexstructure. Also present is asoluble organic fraction, which has been analyzedby several separation and analyticalprocedures. Low detection limits can be achievedby derivatization of the organicmolecules with reagents that allow for analysisby gas chromatography/massspectroscopy and high performance liquidchromatography. The CM meteoriteMurchison has been found to contain more than70 extraterrestrial amino acids andseveral other classes of compounds includingcarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylicacids, sulphonic and phosphonic acids, aliphatic,aromatic and polar hydrocarbons,fullerenes, heterocycles as well as carbonylcompounds, alcohols, amines and amides.The organic matter was found to be enriched indeuterium, and distinct organiccompounds show isotopic enrichments of carbon andnitrogen relative to terrestrialmatter.     

南极绿藻中类菌胞素氨基酸对UV-B胁迫的响应

南极上空臭氧层的破坏导致了紫外辐射日益增强,高强度的UV-B辐射会造成细胞中DNA的损伤,影响蛋白质、脂类和色素的代谢过程。生长在南极的绿藻具有一系列防御机制以应对增强的UV-B辐射,其中类菌胞素氨基酸(Mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs)是一类重要的紫外防御物质。为探究类菌胞素氨基酸对UV-B辐射的响应,本文以南极冰藻(Chlamydomonassp.ICE-L)、针丝藻(Raphidonema nivale Lagerheim, NIES-2290)和胶球藻(Coccomyxa subellipsoidea E.Acton, NIES-2166)三种生活在南极的绿藻为材料,采用UV-B辐射胁迫(强度0.35 W/m~2,短时处理3 h),并通过液相色谱-质谱联用法检测类菌胞素氨基酸的种类和含量的变化。Mycosporine-glycine为三种南极绿藻中共有的MAAs,在UV-B辐射胁迫下三种南极绿藻中Mycosporine-glycine含量变化不尽相同,表明不同的南极绿藻中MAAs对UV-B辐射的响应各有其特性。首次在绿藻(南极冰藻和胶球藻)中检测到Gadusol。Gadusol作为MAAs的合成前体,它的合成积累使得生活在海冰环境的南极冰藻和胶球藻具有良好的抗UV-B辐射能力。其中南极冰藻抗紫外能力最强,这可能得益于不同MAAs间的动态转化,含量升高的Palythine及Usujirene/Palythene可能对南极冰藻的紫外屏蔽起着至关重要的作用。     

胶州湾沉积物中氨基酸对有机质降解及细菌源贡献的指示作用解析

基于对胶州湾表层沉积物中总可水解氨基酸（THAA）的含量、组成、构型及分布特征的系统研究,通过氨基酸碳氮归一化产率（THAA-C%,THAA-N%）、降解因子DI、反应活性指数RI以及D型氨基酸占比（D-AA%,摩尔百分比）等指标结合碳氮比（TOC/TN）、碳稳定同位素（δ13C）探析了胶州湾沉积物中有机质的来源与降解状态,利用细菌源有机质及胞外肽酶活性（EEA）探讨了微生物在有机质迁移转化过程中的作用与贡献。结果表明,胶州湾表层沉积物中氨基酸平均含量为（7.60±3.64）μmol/g,在陆源与海源混合影响下,其水平分布呈现湾内高于湾外、湾内东部高于西部的特点,表明湾内东部陆源输入对沉积物THAA具有较高贡献。THAA-C%、THAA-N%、DI、RI以及D-AA%等指示因子均显示胶州湾表层沉积物中有机质的降解程度呈现湾外高于湾内、湾内东部高于西部的变化趋势,有机质来源、微生物活性与上覆水水深共同影响了有机质的降解程度。胶州湾表层沉积物中细菌源有机碳的贡献率为（29.35±18.73）%,其水平分布显示出湾内西部与湾外相近且高于湾内东部的特点。细菌胞外肽酶活性（EEA）平均为（0.81±1.31）nmol/（g·h）（以MCA计）,整体分布趋势与细菌贡献率相反,呈现湾内东部高于湾内西部和湾外的特性。沉积物中有机质的不同海源、陆源占比决定了有机质的可降解性,而有机质的降解程度进一步影响了细菌源有机质的贡献与胞外肽酶活性。     

基于梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的氨基生物炭覆盖沉积物水界面铜、铅释放研究

湖泊沉积物的重金属污染防治一直是环境领域的热点问题.本研究采用氨基生物炭作为覆盖材料,利用梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT),研究了上覆水不同pH及水流扰动条件下Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)在沉积物水界面间的原位释放特征,以及氨基生物炭对湖泊沉积物重金属污染的原位修复效果.研究结果表明,在0 r/min或100 r/min水动力条件下,可移动态重金属离子有不断由沉积物向其他介质扩散的趋势,1.81 kg/m 2的氨基生物炭覆盖强度可降低Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)释放通量达89%以上,有效减小了水环境中重金属的潜在生态风险.在pH=5的酸性及pH=9的碱性水环境中原位修复效果较差,水体中大量的H+或络合物均会削弱氨基生物炭对重金属离子的吸附,当上覆水在pH=7的中性条件时原位修复效果最佳.100 r/min水流扰动下的上覆水Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)含量在释放平衡时较0 r/min条件下高出0.036~0.096μg/mL,说明高强度的水流扰动易造成覆盖材料的扬起和浮动,导致覆盖材料与重金属发生解吸.     

STUDY ON THE ISOTHERMS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND Cu (Ⅱ) IN THE HUANGHE RIVER

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热带东太平洋中国多金属结核开辟区深海成矿环境的氨基酸表征

为了解中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物有机质活性及深海成矿沉积环境特征，使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法分析了表层沉积物氨基酸的组成状况。结果显示该区表层沉积物中氨基酸与氨基糖含量(干样)均较低，分别在0.30～0.59 mg·g-1及 0.10～0.17 mg·g-1之间。其中以中性氨基酸占绝对优势，占50%以上，其次为酸性氨基酸和含氢氧基氨基酸，分别占17%和11%，碱性氨基酸占9%，芳香与含硫氨基酸均在5%以下,表明深海沉积环境为氧化环境，且偏碱性条件。表征有机质活性的Asp/β Ala、Glu/γ Aba及DI值（（Glu+Phe+Leu+Ala+Val）/ (β Ala+γ Aba)）分别为1.1～1.9，0.8～2.2和1.4～2.9，表明该区有机质成熟度已很高。蛋白氨基酸/非蛋白氨基酸的比值为1.0～2.0，葡萄糖胺/半乳糖胺比值则在1.7～3.0之间变化，表明该海区有机质经过强烈的细菌改造，即海区存在强烈的细菌活动，活性较低，表征了多金属结核有机—微生物成矿的可能性。     

Stratigraphy and geochemistry of a sequence of Quaternary palaeosols in the Lower Teleki Valley,Mount Kenya,East Africa — Implications for interregional correlations

The relative weathering of a sequence of five palaesols formed in different parent materials, including bedrock of phonolitic composition, is described and assessed. The three lower palaeosols (units 3–5) are considered to be of interglacial origin. The saprolite (unit 5), in phonolite, formed prior to deposition of the lower Brunhes-age till, is considered to be as old as the Brunhes Matuyama boundary (0.73 myr). The other two palaeosols in this group (units 3 and 4), derived from loess and till, respectively, formed over middle to late Brunhes time under palaeoclimates that were wetter (and presumably warmer), and of sufficient leaching power to move clay, as well as organically complexed extractable Fe and Al. The palaeosols in unit 3 are more complex than the lower ones. Their upper and lower horizons have about the same chemical composition as the lowest two palaeosols, while the middle horizons are similar to the upper two palaeosols (units 1 and 2). Radiocarbon dates for unit 3 are considered to be too young to account for the strong weathering in the upper and lower horizons. This interpretation is supported by high D/L ratios of aspartic acid. Overlying sediments, emplaced by episodic colluvial (unit 2) and slope wash (unit 1) processes, are less weathered; the lower colluvial unit in this group was emplaced during the late stade of the last glaciation. The surface sediments were emplaced more recently during the same interval and weathered mainly during the post-glacial period. Tentative correlations with core 82PCS18 from the Canary Basin show that upper unit 3 is probably equivalent to Isotope Stage 5e, lower unit 3 to Isotope Stage 7, unit 4 to Isotope Stage 8, and unit 5 to Isotope Stage 9. Units 1 and 2 are firmly correlated with Isotope Stage 2.     

硅灰石在氨基酸水溶液中的电化学及溶解作用研究

在模拟人体温度３７℃条件下,进行硅灰石纤维粉尘与氨基酸作用的实验研究,测定在７２ｈ内溶解过程中ｐＨ值和电导率（к）的变化。结果表明,硅灰石纤维矿物在氨基酸中发生的溶解作用与酸的性质有关,酸性氨基酸对矿物的溶解能力最强,中性次之,碱性最弱。硅灰石在酸性和碱性氨基酸中８ｈ左右出现溶解饱和点,而在中性氨基酸中７２ｈ内无溶解饱和点,溶解度具有随时间的增加而呈线性增长的趋势。硅灰石的这种溶解特征表明,硅灰石