盐度胁迫对小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)抗氧化酶、非特异性免疫酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响

为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响,以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6±3.1)g)为实验对象,将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d,测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP...     

Effect of Salinity on Hemolymph Osmotic Pressure, Sodium Concentration and Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase Activity of Gill of Chinese Crab, Eriocheir sinensis

The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na^＋ concentration and Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration increased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly （P〈0.05） when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na^＋ concentration and lower Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct （P〉0.05）; However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.     

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)耐氨氮关联SNP验证及相关基因NKA在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析

为筛查和验证缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)耐氨氮相关单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和基因, 为分子标记辅助育种提供参考, 通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR (KASP)对位于缢蛏NKA基因(Sc-NKA)下游的SNP (g.21062868T＞A)进行验证, 采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(WB)检测高氨氮胁迫下Sc-NKA基因的表达水平, 用免疫荧光技术对Sc-NKA蛋白进行组织细胞定位, 通过RNA干扰探究Sc-NKA基因在氨氮排泄中的作用。结果显示, SNP位点(g.21062868T＞A)与氨氮耐受性状显著相关(P＜0.05); Sc-NKA基因在氨氮胁迫后的mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著增加(P＜0.05); 缢蛏鳃中的柱状细胞和扁平细胞是Sc-NKA蛋白分泌的主要部位, 且在氨氮胁迫后细胞中的蛋白丰度增加; 干扰Sc-NKA基因6~48 h后, 缢蛏血淋巴中氨含量显著升高(P＜0.05),且Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl共转运蛋白1 (NKCC1)的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。这些研究结果表明, Sc-NKA参与氨氮的排泄过程, 且与NKCC1在氨氮转运中具有协同作用。     

中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na+-K+-ATPase性质的研究

本文研究了中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na^ -K^ -ATPase的性质，并比较了各对鳃丝Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性大小。结果表明：中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na^ -K^ -ATPase的最适温度为40℃，温度高于45℃时酶活急剧下降；最适pH为8．0，并且其活力对pH的变化非常敏感，当pH小于7．5或大于8、25时酶活急剧下降；最适底物和Na^-，K^ ，Mg^2 浓度分别为1．5，75，15，6mmol／l；反应介质中乌本苷浓度达到2mmol／l时，Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活力完全被抑制；中华绒螯蟹后3对鳃丝Na^--K^ -ATPase的活力极显著高于前5对鳃丝的酶活力。     

盐碱土壤修复材料对作物生长影响研究

本实验是利用以牡蛎壳为主要材料的 3种不同用量的盐碱土壤修复材料 ,处理含盐量为 2的低度盐碱土壤 ,对作物油菜的形态及其生理生化指标进行对比测量 ,用以观察此修复材料对盐碱土壤的修复作用。实验表明 ,此修复材料对种植 4 0 d后的油菜的出苗率无显著影响 ,而对叶长、叶宽等形态有明显影响。改良后的盐碱土上生长的油菜的叶绿素含量及叶绿素 a与叶绿素 b的比值均上升 ;叶片类囊体膜 H+ - ATPase活性上升 ,证明此盐碱土壤修复材料对盐碱土壤具一定的修复作用 ,且其修复作用与修复材料的添加用量有关。     

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗液泡膜H+-ATPase和H+-PPase活性的影响

 研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗Na⁺、K⁺含量及液胞膜H⁺-ATP酶(H⁺-ATPase)和H⁺-焦磷酸酶(H⁺-PPase)活性的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫浓度的增加使骆驼蓬幼苗根、叶中的K⁺含量下降,Na+含量和Na+/K⁺比及K⁺对Na⁺的吸收和运输选择性增高;根、叶液胞膜H⁺-ATPase和H⁺-PPase活性升高,H⁺-ATP酶耦联比率无显著变化;根液胞膜依赖ATP和PPi的质子泵活性及Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运活性先升后降,叶依赖ATP的质子泵活性及Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运活性升高,依赖PPi的质子泵活性先升后降。说明液泡膜H⁺-ATPase和H⁺-PPase驱动的质子泵和Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运活性对Na+在液泡内的积累及其骆驼蓬的耐盐性起重要作用。     

Nitrogen deposition and its spatial pattern in main forest ecosystems along north-south transect of eastern China

A continuous three-year observation(from May 2008 to April 2011)was conducted to characterize the spatial variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)deposition at eight main forest ecosystems along the north-south transect of eastern China(NSTEC).The results show that both throughfall DIN deposition and bulk DIN deposition increase from north to south along the NSTEC.Throughfall DIN deposition varies greatly from 2.7 kg N/(ha·yr)to 33.0 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 10.6 kg N/(ha·yr),and bulk DIN deposition ranges from 4.1 kg N/(ha·yr)to 25.4 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 9.8 kg N/(ha·yr).NH4+-N is the dominant form of DIN deposition at most sampling sites.Additionally,the spatial variation of DIN deposition is controlled mainly by precipitation.Moreover,in the northern part of the NSTEC,bulk DIN deposition is 17%higher than throughfall DIN deposition,whereas the trend is opposite in the southern part of the NSTEC.The results demonstrate that DIN deposition would likely threaten the forest ecosystems along the NSTEC,compared with the critical loads(CL)of N deposition,and DIN deposition in this region is mostly controlled by agricultural activities rather than industrial activities or transportation.     

高斯-克吕格投影坐标转换成地理坐标的一种方法

在地质勘探现场工作中经常会遇到地理坐标和投影坐标转换的问题。本文通过对地理坐标和投影坐标原理的简要分析,根据高斯一克吕格投影平面下投影坐标转换成地理坐标的高斯反算公式,分析算法原理、设计算法流程,编制程序,并用MAPGIS软件进行比对分析,发现该程序能较好、有效地满足实际应用需求。     

青海省海晏县哈勒景河谷厂区排放Cr~（＋6）对地下水污染的评价

对该区的污染源和污染现况进行调查。利用地下水质量分类指标进行污染分区评价,并分别计算重度、轻度和未污染区面积。结果发现污染区内地下水环境污染严重,建议尽快实施工程治理。