Focusing on artisanal fleets in a new scenario: The case of Andalusia (Spain)

This paper analyses how artisanal fleets in the South Atlantic Coast of Spain (Andalusia) are transformed at the macro-level by political and economic processes. The article will first describe the web of economic and political dynamics, and it will then outline several socioeconomic and cultural patterns of artisanal fleets, examining strategies that are used to encourage commercial specialisation, technological innovation, capitalisation and productive intensification. The resulting social conflict is also examined. From such a study, this essay intends to promote a theoretical debate concerning the importance of new conceptions of artisanal fishing today, a time when local and global processes are highly interconnected.     

太康MS4.7地震构造初步分析

对比分析石油地震剖面和高分辨浅层地震剖面,依据震源机制解、地震精定位结果,给出太康MS4.7地震区深浅断裂的展布关系。结合区域构造演化认为,晚白垩世至古近纪,太康隆起发生NWW和NE-NNE向张剪性走滑断层活动,其产生的伸展拉张作用使隆起解体,形成目前凸凹相间的构造格局;新近纪以来,在太康隆起整体接受沉积的背景下,构造活动强度有所减弱,但凸凹相间的构造变形样式得以延续,表现为控制断陷的边界断层的持续活动,同时,一系列新近纪-第四纪铲式正断层的形成也表明深部走滑伸展作用的存在;太康MS4.7地震区深部震源构造表现为沿近NW和近NE走向的高角度断层,浅部构造表现为受近NW向铲式张性断层控制的凸凹相间的构造样式,这种深浅构造展布形式共同控制了太康MS4.7地震及其余震的发生。     

Results from a detailed aeromagnetic survey across the northeast Newfoundland margin, Part II: Early opening of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Newfoundland

Poles of rotation for the North Atlantic have been derived from the results of a new aeromagnetic survey northeast of Newfoundland. Reconstruction of the North Atlantic at anomaly 34 time shows a band of large amplitude magnetic anomalies which parallels anomaly 34 on both sides of the Atlantic from Flemish Cap and Goban Spur to the Azores-Gibraltar Fracture Zone. A group of similar anomalies has also been identified in the Bay of Biscay. North of Goban Spur and Flemish Cap, these anomalies follow the ocean-continent boundary. Poles of rotation derived for this anomaly show that it forms an isochron (100–110 m.y.) during the long Cretaceous normal polarity interval. The cause of this anomaly is not definite, but it may represent an increase in the magnetization of the crust during a limited time within the Cretaceous Magnetic Quiet Zone by a process such as replacement of thermoremanent magnetization by chemical remanent magnetization as proposed by Raymond and LaBrecque.The North Atlantic has also been reconstructed at the time of the initial opening in the region between Flemish Cap and the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, using inferred ocean-continent boundaries on the west and east sides: it has been shown that the entire region could not have saparated at one time, but that spreading between the British Isles and Newfoundland had to progress from south to north. Consequently, when active sea-floor spreading was taking place between Goban Spur and Flemish Cap (about 110 m.y.) the region to the north was still being stretched. The calculated amount of stretching as derived from the reconstructions (about 25%) agrees well with the extension of the lithosphere obtained from modelling the subsidence history of this region, and with the results of deep seismic studies. Active spreading in the north started about 100 m.y. ago.     

High resolution characterization of northwest Mediterranean coastal waters thermal regimes: To better understand responses of benthic communities to climate change

In the North West Mediterranean (NWM), mass mortality events (MME) of long-lived benthic species that have occurred over the last two decades have been related to regional warming trend. Gaining robust data sets on thermal regimes is critical to assess conditions to which species have adapted, detect extreme events and critically evaluate biological impacts. High resolution temperature (T) time series obtained during 1999–2006 from 5 to 40 m depth at four contrasted sites of the NWM were analyzed: Area Marina Protegida de les Illes Medes (NE Spain), Riou (Marseilles, France), Parc National de Port-Cros (France), and Réserve Naturelle de Scandola (Corsica, France). The seasonal pattern showed winter T around 11–13 °C, and summer T mainly around 22–24 °C near surface to 18–20 °C at depth. Stratification dynamics showed recurrent downwellings (>40 m) at Medes, frequent observation (1/3rd of the summer) of deep and cold upwelled waters at Riou, while Scandola exhibited stable summer stratification and highest suprathermoclinal T. Port-Cros showed an intermediate regime that oscillated between Riou and Scandola depending on the occurrence of northern winds. Data distribution study permitted to identify and to characterize 3 large scale positive anomalies concomitant with the mass mortality outbreaks of summers 1999, 2003 and 2006. The analysis of biological surveys on gorgonian populations showed significant impacts during the 3 years with temperature anomalies. Besides the degree of impact showed inter-annual differences which could be related to different T conditions concomitant to mortality events, from slight increase in T extreme of only 1–2 °C over short duration, to lengthened more classical summer conditions. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that shallow NWM populations of long-lived benthic species are living near their upper thermal thresholds. Given actual trends and projections in NWM, the repetition of new MMEs in the next decades is extremely likely. In such context, the acquisition of dedicated high resolution T series proves to be crucial for increasing our detection, understanding and forecasting abilities.     

川东北飞仙关组白云岩的主要类型、地球化学特征和白云化机制

四川盆地东北部蕴藏有丰富的烃类资源,三叠系飞仙关组的白云岩是最主要的储层和产层,这使得飞仙关组白云岩成为人们近年来高度关注的对象.按照结构,我们可以将飞仙关组白云岩分为三种端元类型:微晶白云岩、具原始结构的粒屑白云岩和结晶白云岩,在一个向上变浅的剖面旋回中,这三种白云岩分别位于旋回的顶部、上部和中下部.微晶白云岩和具原始结构的粒屑白云岩具有较高的锰含量和较低的包裹体均一化温度,白云化流体的δ~(18O) 值(从白云石的包裹体均一化温度和δ~(18O) 值反演,以下同)介于大气水和海水之间,反映这类白云岩形成于有大气水参与的相对开放的沉积-成岩环境中,蒸发泵作用(对于微晶白云岩)和混合水作用(对于具原始结构的粒屑白云岩)可能是其主要的形成机制;结晶白云岩(表现为好储层)具有很低的锰含量和较高的包裹体均一化温度,白云化流体的δ~(18O) 值显著高于早三叠世海水,表明这类白云岩形成于相对封闭的埋藏成岩环境,白云化流体具较高的温度和盐度,但到目前为止,还没有一个已有模式可以较好地解释这类白云岩的成因.     

滇东北玄武岩相关铜矿类型特征分析

玄武岩中铜矿的含矿岩系是指上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩组(P2e)上部～宣威组(P2x)底部的一套含铜背景值较高、且有明显铜矿化及铜矿层存在的含矿火山地层组合。依据容矿主岩,可分为三种类型:玄武岩型铜矿、玄武岩含碳沉积岩夹层型铜矿及沉积间断面上铝土质泥岩铜矿。     

赣东北珍珠山群同位素年代学研究

赣东北婺源—乐平地区浅变质地层珍珠山群的地质时代,以往普遍认为归属于中元古代,但由于缺乏高精度的同位素测年资料,时代归属尚存争议,目前主要有中元古代、古元古代和晚古生代3种认识。近期开展的1:5万区域地质调查工作,采用单颗粒锆石U-Pb法获得一批介于1113±118Ma～1379±65Ma间的同位素年龄数据,从而将珍珠山群时代合理地厘定为中元古代蓟县纪;此外,还获得了代表捕获晶体或残留的继承性浑圆状锆石表面年龄2497±19Ma和含量极少的结晶锆石年龄1827±76 Ma,推断珍珠山群之下还掩埋着古元古代地层或岩石,为区域深层构造研究提供了新的资料。     

论滇东北二叠纪玄武岩型铜矿(BC)找矿——美洲火山红层型铜矿(VRC)的启示

火山红层型铜矿表现为火山岩序列中断裂控制的整合或大致整合分布、纵横交错的脉状铜硫化物和/或自然铜矿床。本文详细介绍美洲火山红层型铜矿地质特征,剖析其成矿规律以及找矿方法、思路。系统研究滇东北地区玄武岩铜矿,并与北美火山红层型铜矿进行对比。在此基础上,提出滇东北地区火山红层型铜矿新的找矿思路与找矿方法。     

Crustal thickening and ductile extension in the NE Greenland Caledonides: a metamorphic record from anatectic pelites

Caledonian orogenesis in NE Greenland resulted from the collision of Laurentia and Baltica during the Ordovician–Silurian. Anatectic pelites within the metasedimentary Smallefjord Sequence record a clockwise P – T  path, the result of early crustal thickening at c . 445–440 Ma and subsequent exhumation of the high-grade metamorphic core by a combination of ductile extension and tectonic denudation. The early prograde segment of the path followed a shallow, near-isothermal trajectory and attained a metamorphic peak of c . 9.0–10.0 kbar at >790 and <850 °C. Prograde metamorphism initiated anatexis of pelites in the kyanite stability field and continued with sillimanite stable. Inclusion trails in the garnet cores are textural remnants of early deformation, which occurred either before or during prograde metamorphism. The peak metamorphic conditions are anomalously high in the context of thermal models and P – T  paths for continental collision zones. The additional heat input required to promote migmatization may have been provided by advection as lower crustal high-pressure rocks and the uppermost mantle were uplifted following lithospheric thinning at an early stage in the orogeny. The prograde path was interrupted by the development of retrograde extensional shear fabrics defined by biotite+sillimanite and associated with garnet breakdown. Field observations indicate that ductile extension was accompanied by melt extraction, transport and emplacement of intracrustal granites dated at c . 430 Ma. Regional ductile extension and exhumation probably resulted from the development of gravitational instabilities within the overthickened crust during continental collision.