阿尔及利亚三叠盆地、韦德迈阿次盆地石油地质特征及油气勘探中应注意的问题

阿尔及利亚在区域上由两大单元组成,北部为撒哈拉阿特拉斯褶皱带,南部为撒哈拉地台。油气田主要分布在撒哈拉地台的三叠盆地和伊利兹盆地。在三叠盆地内已发现50多个油田和37个气田,石油地质储量达23×108t,天然气地质储量达4×1012m3。油气田中以超巨型的哈西迈萨乌德油田和哈西勒迈勒凝析气田最为著名。三叠盆地的烃源岩主要为下志留统Graptolitic组黑色页岩;韦德迈阿次盆地的烃源岩主要为志留系Fegaguria组深灰色—黑色富有机质泥岩。三叠盆地与韦德迈阿次盆地的储盖条件都比较优越,但油藏的埋深较大,且位于沙漠地区,在勘探上应注意“西气东油”的油气分布特征和坚持“立体勘探”的方法。     

砂海螂Mya arenaria Linnaeus核型

作者以鳃为材料 ,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本 ,研究了砂海螂 Mya arenaria L innaeus的核型 ,其核型公式 2 n为 34,2 4 m+ 10 sm,染色体总臂数 NF为 6 8。无端部和亚端部着丝点染色体 ,也无异型染色体     

Potential link between exposure to fungicides chlorothalonil and mancozeb and haemic neoplasia development in the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria: A laboratory experiment

The aetiology of haemic neoplasia (HN) is unknown, so far but many causative factors are suggested such as viral, pollution and genetics. The aim of this study was to determine if, under chronic exposure, two major pesticides (chlorothalonil and mancozeb) which are used in potato production could induce HN in soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria). Short-term experiments with acute exposure were also performed. Clams were collected from an epizootic site (North River, PEI) and from a site free of the disease (Magdalen Islands, Quebec). The tetraploid level of haemocytes was assessed by flow cytometry for each clam to determine the HN status. The bioaccumulation of pesticides in tissues was quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for chlorothalonil while mancozeb and manganese were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). Long term exposure to fungicide Bravo 500^® did not induce high tetraploid levels on negative calm from North River and the analysis of the digestive gland and the mantle did not reveal any detectable level of chlorothalonil. In the Manzate 200 DF^®, some clams revealed high level of tetraploid cells but no difference were observed between the treatments and the control. The analysis of the digestive gland and the mantle for manganese did not highlight any significant difference in tissue concentration (p = 0.05). For the acute exposure, chlorothalonil analysis showed that the active ingredient is distributed between four chlorinated compounds: 99.5% for chlorothalonil isomers, 0.4% for pentachlorothalonil and 0.1% for trichlorothalonil isomers. For a 72 h experiment, the accumulation was within 4 h; the higher tissue concentration of chlorothalonil was 59.2 μg g⁻¹ in the mantle after 48 h, following by a decrease to an undetectable level at the end. For the manganese, the accumulation was detected after 4 h; the higher tissue concentration was 48.8 μg g⁻¹ in the mantle after 24 h and, over the following 48 h, the accumulation decreased until the end of the trial. Based on the data, the accumulation of these fungicides seems to be transitory. Chlorothalonil and mancozeb are both oxidative-stress promoters and could have induced cell dysfunction while in the tissue. Study on the effect of these fungicides on the p53 protein system is an example of strategy that would provide information on cellular events promoting neoplasia.     

基于数量性状的砂海螂(Mya arenaria)选择指标评估

采用多元回归和通径分析的方法,研究了砂海螂(Mya arenaria)形态性状对重量性状的影响,建立了利用形态性状估计重量性状的回归方程,以评估砂海螂育种的选择指标。结果表明,各形态性状与体重、软体部重之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);壳长对体重和软体部重的直接效应均为最大,其通径系数分别为0.4338和0.3265,是影响体重和软体部重的主要因素。壳宽对体重和软体部重的直接影响效应次之,但壳高对重量性状的影响主要是间接效应。决定系数分析的结果与通径分析结果具有一致的变化趋势。上述结果为砂海螂选择育种提供了依据,以壳长作为首选指标,能有效地增加体重和软体部重。