德州市临盘采油区地面沉降监测

济南市的鹊山上设立了3块岩层水准标石的原点组。使用美国Tri mble Di Ni 12电子水准仪和条码式铟钢水准标尺施测一等精密水准82.2 km,二等精密水准30.8 km,联测各类水准点35个。对观测结果进行统计与分析表明,在临盘采油区(以后仓西北采油四队LY18为中心)形成了一个较明显的沉降区域,年沉降量为54.3 mm。建议在其周边增埋地面观测标石,进行加密观测,以掌握其变化规律。     

国外深水钢悬链线立管研究发展现状

介绍国外在新型深水立管系统--钢悬链线立管关键技术方面的研究发展现状,论述浮体一、二阶运动对钢悬链线立管疲劳寿命的影响、浮体升沉运动对钢悬链线立管触地点疲劳寿命的影响;钢悬链线立管与海底相互作用机制的实验研究及结果;钢悬链线立管涡致振动与疲劳的研究现状.并简要论述钢悬链线立管触地点问题的研究结论.     

基于边缘分析的海面溢油检测

提出一种基于边缘检测的快速溢油信息提取方法, 首先对溢油图像进行ROA(radio of average)边缘检测, 根据检测结果进行AOI(area of interest)提取, 然后使用改进的Weibull-CFAR检测算法对AOI进行溢油检测, 并与全局CFAR检测结果进行对比。实验结果证明, 所提出的方法对于非均匀灰度SAR图像溢油检测准确性较好、效率较高, 特别适用于大图像的快速溢油检测。     

主成分分析法在油荧光光谱波段选择中的应用

355nm激光器发射激光入射到海水表面,激发海表面溢油的荧光光谱,运用高光谱图像降维中应用广泛的分段主成分分析算法对油荧光光谱进行波段选择。该算法把每个分段被映射到主成分的信息量的大小作为是否被选择的标准,保证了选择波段的信息丰富;通过分段分析消除了传统主成分分析的全局性引起的波段忽略问题,获得较为满意的降维效果。     

The ignored but common nemertine Psammamphiporus elongatus from the Galician beaches (Spain), affected by the Prestige oil spill

Nemerteans have been recorded in several studies of the sandy beaches, but usually these specimens have been only regarded as members of the Phylum, with no attempt at identification at any taxonomic level. This lack of identification is partly because of the sampling procedures used to collect beach macroinfauna. Nemerteans are fragile and need special care. They must be isolated and observed in vivo before using histological procedures, which must be employed for the taxonomical studies. This study deals with a sandy beach hoplonemertean, Psammamphiporus elongatus ( Stephenson 1911 ), only known for seven specimens from the Firth of Clyde (UK). This species is recorded for the first time from the Galician sandy beaches (NW Spain) where it reaches its maximum abundance. The species is described and illustrated and new data on its morphology and ecology are provided. The species was apparently affected by the 'Prestige' oil spill, and would be a good indicator of beach quality.     

Petroleum pollution in surface sediments of Daya Bay,South China,revealed by chemical fingerprinting of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons

Nine surface sediments collected from Daya Bay have been Soxhlet-extracted with 2:1 (v/v) dichloromethane-methanol. The non-aromatic hydrocarbon (NAH) fraction of solvent extractable organic matter (EOM) and some bulk geochemical parameters have been analyzed to determine petroleum pollution of the bay. The NAH content varies from 32 to 276 μg g⁻¹ (average 104 μg g⁻¹) dry sediment and accounts for 5.8–64.1% (average 41.6%) of the EOM. n-Alkanes with carbon number ranging from 15 to 35 are identified to be derived from both biogenic and petrogenic sources in varying proportions. The contribution of marine authigenic input to the sedimentary n-alkanes is lower than the allochthonous input based on the average n-C₃₁/n-C₁₉ alkane ratio. 25.6–46.5% of the n-alkanes, with a mean of 35.6%, are contributed by vascular plant wax. Results of unresolved complex mixture, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, hopanes and steranes also suggest possible petroleum contamination. There is strong evidence of a common petroleum contamination source in the bay.     

OPA 90's impact at reducing oil spills

OPA 90 set out stringent requirements and liabilities for tankers operating in US national waters. OPA 90 was in response to the public concern caused by the grounding of the Exxon Valdez in 1989. It made ship owners responsible for the cost of pollution incidents and required all tank ships/barges operating in US waters have double hulls by 2015. We model factors influencing oil spills and test whether OPA 90 helped reduce the number of those spills. After accounting for causal factors, both increased liability and double hulls were statistically significant factors in reducing the number of spills.     

海洋溢油污染对生物群落和种群的影响及生态系统的恢复

海洋溢油污染带来的最严重的威胁在于它能够改变或破坏海洋环境中正常存在的生态系统。溢油污染对生态系统的初步影响是造成生物物种多样性、丰度、均匀度下降,进一步则是敏感物种消退,另一些机会物种大量繁殖,群落结构受到扰动。受到溢油污染后的生物群落的变化和恢复过程通常呈现的是多种因素共同作用的结果。溢油作为一种外来的扰动因素,对生态系统的发展强行加注了一种相对统一的发展模式,生态系统会经历一些优势种之间强烈的相互作用,种群数量出现大幅度的波动,系统变得敏感脆弱,生态恢复需要一定的时间。本文对国内外几十年来的研究成果进行综述,总结今后应大力开展海洋石油污染调查研究工作的各个方面。     

正理庄高89-1区块CO2混相驱参数优化数值模拟研究

为了确保高89-1区块CO2混相驱项目的顺利实施,依据该区块的精细油藏描述成果,在优化适于CO2混相驱模型基础上,建立了符合油藏地质特点的三维地质模型。在此基础上对开发指标进行计算,对五个参数（井网、开发方式、压力水平、注入量和采油速度）进行优化,并提出了推荐方案,预测采收率可达23.10%,比弹性开采方式提高15.16%。     

提高机采水平的配套技术及应用

随着濮城油田的持续性高速开发,油田综合含水逐渐上升,油水井井况进一步恶化,作为油田生产主体的机械采油井躺井频繁、管杆泵使用寿命缩短。近几年中原油田采油二厂濮城油田年平均躺井数达560井次之多,导致机械采油井维护费用增加,管杆泵投入增大,严重制约着油田的生产和经营。通过加缓蚀剂在油管内壁形成保护油膜,起到润滑作用;应用特殊抽油杆防腐止磨;应用尼龙扶正器对抽油杆体扶正,避免了钢体与钢体的硬磨;应用旋转井口通过地面人力转动改变油管与抽油杆的偏磨面;配合合理生产参数;各种配套技术的合理应用,使濮城油田躺井减少,避免了频繁作业,增加长寿井,管杆泵投入节约了19.3%。