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961.
Yimin Wang Xiaohong Wang Wenjun Qu Yushu Gao Tiexin Gu Xingtao Fan S.I. Andreev Xuefa Shi 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(3):341-352
Two Co‐rich seamount crust reference materials, MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2, were prepared using ultra‐fine particle size milling technique and characterised for the platinum‐group elements (PGEs). The raw material for these two reference materials was collected separately from the Magellan seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean and the seamounts of the central Pacific Ocean by Russian and Chinese scientists. First, they were ground by ball mill to a ?200 mesh powder, then further processed by ultra‐fine jet mill and well‐mixed. The particle size distributions of the samples were tested by a laser particle analyser; the average particle size was 1.8 and 1.5 μm (equal to about 2000 mesh) respectively. The homogeneity of six major and minor elements in these two materials was tested at the milligram level of sampling mass by high‐precision wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and at the microgram level of sampling mass by electron probe microanalyser. The homogeneity of more than forty trace elements, including Pt, was tested at the microgram level of sampling mass by LA‐ICP‐MS. Except for Rh, all PGEs were determined by isotope dilution‐ICP‐MS. Platinum in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 was characterised as certified values, whereas the other five PGEs in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 were reported as reference values. In addition, the information values of sixty‐two major, minor and trace elements were obtained by XRF, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS. The minimum sampling mass for the determination of PGEs was 1 g, while the minimum sampling mass for the determination of the other elements was 2–5 mg. 相似文献
962.
Metal and metalloid (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn) distribution in soils from the Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo) is investigated in order to characterize the environmental impacts of mining and smelting activities in that area. The concentrations of Cu, Co, As, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils from mining sites are higher than in non-metalliferous sites and above permissible metal and metalloid concentrations in soils. Moreover, the fractionation and mobility of Co, and Cu in such environment is assessed using the application of both ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction and speciation modeling (WHAM 6). The resulting data set covers wide range of environmental conditions (pH, trace metals concentration, natural soils and soils affected by mining and ore processing). These extractions show that only a small fraction of Cu and Co is mobile, with variation depending on sites: mobility is higher in soils affected by mining and ore processing. The strong affinity of Mn-oxides for Co may explain lower Co mobility in Mn-rich soils. The high Mn and Fe contents of Cu–Co soils from Katanga may actually exert a protective effect against the toxic effects of Co. Finally, Cu–Co speciation modeling of contaminated sites emphasizes that organic matter strongly sorb Cu whereas Co speciation is mostly by Mn content. This type of study leads to a better understanding of metal fractionation and can guide to define different practices of phytoremediation. 相似文献
963.
Jean S. Kane Bombor Batjargal Dorj Erdenetsetseg 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(3):295-308
A report is presented on the recertification of two certified reference materials (CRMs) initially prepared and certified by the Central Geological Laboratory of Mongolia (CGL), namely serpentinite GAS and alkaline granite OShBO. Subsequent work done in collaboration with the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) followed the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) guidelines for certification (ISO Guide 35, 2006) more closely than had been possible originally. The certification protocol followed was that of the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The recertification added to the number of elements that were certified for OShBO (from 21 to 30), but not for GAS (decreased from 15 to 12) because of the greater analytical difficulties posed by that sample matrix in meeting the more stringent metrological requirements for recertification. Further, the uncertainties for these values were established in accordance with the Guide to Measurement Uncertainty ; individual contributions of heterogeneity and bias are reported as appropriate for each of the certified constituents. Traceability of the certified values was demonstrated to the greatest possible extent, based on concurrent analyses of the matrix-matched existing CRMs, SW and GM, by all participating laboratories. The materials are now available from the CGL for use by laboratories in controlling data quality when analysing materials of similar matrices. 相似文献
964.
Shaking table test and numerical simulation of a 1/2‐scale self‐centering reinforced concrete frame 下载免费PDF全文
Self‐centering reinforced concrete frames are developed as an alternative of traditional seismic force‐resisting systems with better seismic performance and re‐centering capability. This paper presents an experimental and computational study on the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. A 1/2‐scale model of a two‐story self‐centering reinforced concrete frame model was designed and tested on the shaking table in State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University to evaluate the seismic behavior of the structure. A structural analysis model, including detailed modeling of beam–column joints, column–base joints, and prestressed tendons, was constructed in the nonlinear dynamic modeling software OpenSEES. Agreements between test results and numerical solutions indicate that the designed reinforced concrete frame has satisfactory seismic performance and self‐centering capacity subjected to earthquakes; the self‐centering structures can undergo large rocking with minor residual displacement after the earthquake excitations; the proposed analysis procedure can be applied in simulating the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. To achieve a more comprehensive evaluation on the performance of self‐centering structures, research on energy dissipation devices in the system is expected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
965.
本文以吉林夹皮沟金矿带为例,通过板块碰撞或旋转所产生的磁斥力和电场来探讨流体中成矿元素运移和富集机制。基于块体转动与岩石剩磁磁斥力的产生,岩石电、磁场的形成和阴 阳离子相向漂移的地质证据及成矿流体与磁感应矢量、电导率间对应关系的讨论,表明:1)成矿元素的富集发生于新旧电、磁场交替变化过程中;2)岩石电场正、负极控制阴、阳离子作相向漂移运动,是流体中成矿元素运移、富集的主要控制因素之一;3)深大断裂界面间的磁斥力是Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn等有色多金属抗磁性元素成矿的有利场所。 相似文献
966.
我国参考作物蒸散的空间分布和时间趋势 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
根据我国616个地面气象台站1975-2004年的观测资料,利用联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算各年逐日、逐月参考作物蒸散值(ET0)和年总量.结果表明,我国参考作物蒸散多年平均值大多界于800~1 100 mm之间,西北地区高,东北地区低.1978年出现最大值,1993年出现最低值,青藏高原以东地区波动小,西北地区波动大.参考作物蒸散变化率在-30~30 mm·(10 a)-1之间,西部和长江流域地区显著下降,东部沿海、黄河中上游和东北显著上升.造成我国参考作物蒸散出现先降后增趋势的主要因素是日照时数(净辐射)和饱和差. 相似文献
967.
Routine monitoring of the quality status of water bodies demands the best cost‐benefit relation and sample‐size reduction is therefore welcomed. However, great caution is needed because such reduction affects the accuracy and variation of the results. In the present study we tested the influence of sample size (number of replicate samples) on reference condition values and within‐sample ecological quality ratio (EQR) variability of six commonly used ecological indices (taxa richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity, AMBI, Medocc index, Bentix and M‐AMBI). Analysis of soft‐bottom benthic invertebrate data from Slovenian coastal waters showed that sample size influenced the reference condition values of richness/diversity indices (taxa richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity) but not of the sensitivity/tolerance indices (AMBI, Medocc index, Bentix). Increased sample size decreased the within‐sample EQR variability and, concomitantly, increased the accuracy of site ecological status classification for all indices. The size of EQR variability differed depending on the index used. EQR variability of M‐AMBI, an index composed of metrics with different within‐sample EQR variability, was statistically the same as that of the metric with the lowest within‐sample EQR variability. Whether this is a common principle for multimetric indices remains to be confirmed. Based on these results, the use of at least three replicates is suggested to obtain reliable measures of reference condition and EQR for the assessment of ecological status. This level of replication is particularly necessary in areas with high diversity and environmental patchiness, and when richness/diversity measures and indices that include these measures are used. 相似文献
968.
仇瑛 《测绘与空间地理信息》2019,42(4):127-128,132
以瓦罕走廊区域为例,利用各种软件对国产卫星影像进行数据处理,寻找最佳处理技术路线,并提出一些合理化的建议,以期为国产卫星影像进行数据处理提供技术参考。 相似文献
969.
在各类电子地图系统中,输出美观、规范的纸质地图是一项基本要求,而这正是电子地图总体设计要完成的主要任务.从实现目标、研究内容和关键技术3个方面对电子地图打印的总体设计和输出进行了分析与总结. 相似文献
970.