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181.
Yang Ji-song Liu Jing-shuang Yu Jun-bao Wang Jin-da Qin Sheng-jin Li Xin-hua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(3):262-268
Soil respiration is a main dynamic process of carbon cycle in wetland. It is important to contribute to global climate changes.
Water table and nutritious availability are significant impact factors to influence responses of CO2 emission from wetland soil to climate changes. Twenty-four wetland soil monoliths at 4 water-table positions and in 3 nitrogen
status have been incubated to measure rates of CO2 emission from wetland soils in this study. Three static water-table controls and a fluctuant water-table control, with 3
nitrogen additions in every water-table control, were carried out. In no nitrogen addition treatment, high CO2 emissions were found at a static low water table (I) and a fluctuant water table (IV), averaging 306.7mg/(m2·h) and 307.89mg/(m2·h), respectively, which were 51%–57% higher than that at static high water table (II and III). After nitrogen addition, however,
highest CO2 emission was found at II and lowest emission at III. The results suggested that nutritious availability of wetland soil might
be important to influence the effect of water table on the CO2 emission from the wetland soil. Nitrogen addition led to enhancing CO2 emissions from wetland soil, while the highest emission was found in 1N treatments other than in 2N treatments. In 3 nutritious
treatments, low CO2 emissions at high water tables and high CO2 emissions at low water tables were also observed when water table fluctuated. Our results suggested that both water table
changes and nutritious imports would effect the CO2 emission from wetland.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90211003) and the Knowledge Innovation
Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KACX3-SW-332)
Biography: YANG Ji-song (1978-), male, a native of Chengwu of Shandong Province, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in environmental
ecology and wetland biogeochemistry. E-mail: yangjisong@neigae.ac.cn 相似文献
182.
Patrick Petitjean 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):467-470
I describe briefly the status of an ongoing mini-survey for molecular hydrogen in high-redshift Damped Lyman-α systems using
UVES at the VLT. H2 is detected in about 30% of the cases. When H2 is not detected the molecular fraction f = 2N(H2)/(2N(H2)+N(HI) is smaller than 10-5. Therefore, most of the DLA systems arise in warm (T > 3000 K) and diffuse neutral gas embedded in a strong UV flux. The very recent detection of HD molecules in a Damped Lyman-α
system at z
abs = 2.337 demonstrates the possibility to discuss the high redshift chemistry.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
183.
184.
The nitrogen relations of Enteromorpha spp. growing on intertidal mud flats have been examined over a twelve-month period. Nitrogen assimilation rates using 15N have been used to calculate the production of the alga and were between 0·046 and 0·217 mg (g dry wt alga)?1 h?1 A considerable quantity of the alga was buried beneath the sediment over the growth season and was calculated to be equivalent to an input of up to 9·52 g N m?2 per month and 32 g N m?2 over one complete growth season. Based on carbon, this latter value represented an input of approximately 320 g C m?2 annually. Low rates of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) were found to be associated with the Enteromorpha. The organisms responsible for the nitrogenase activity were probably heterotrophic bacteria but they did not contribute significant quantities of nitrogen to the alga. 相似文献
185.
186.
The stable isotope compositions of organic carbon and nitrogen, the contents of organic carbon and nitrogen and C/N ratios for two cores recovered from the Empakai Crater at water depths of 11 and 20 m are used to document climatic changes in northern Tanzania. Eight 14C AMS dates determined on total organic matter (OM) indicate that the sedimentation rate in this lake is about 30 cm/ka for the late Pleistocene to early Holocene period. There are differences in the δ13C values of organic carbon between the two cores, which may be a result of differences in location from the present shoreline and of different water depths. In the deeper-water core the δ13C values show a general downcore decrease to the base of the core with a sharp change to lower values of about 4‰ at a depth of 100 cm (8.7 ka). The general trend of downcore decrease in 13C values can be attributed either to a systematic decrease in the relative proportion of C4 type of OM, owing to an increase in precipitation and change in vegetation cover from grassland to forest, or to utilization of isotopically enriched carbon during photosynthesis. The δ15N values show a general downcore increase with again a sharp change of about 5‰ to lower values at about 8.7 ka. A sharp change of about 5‰ and 4‰ to more depleted values at a depth of 100 cm of both 15N and 13C, respectively, suggests either hiatus or abrupt change in climatic condition from wetter conditions to drier conditions. There is enhanced preservation of OM in the lake as depicted by high mean values of organic carbon and nitrogen at both sites. 相似文献
187.
Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the intertidal sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The natural isotopic compositions and C/N elemental ratios of sedimentary organic matter were determined in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were respectively −29.8‰ to − 26.0‰ and 1.6‰–5.5‰ in the flood season (July), while they were −27.3‰ to − 25.6‰ and 1.7‰–7.8‰ in the dry season (February), respectively. The δ13C signatures were remarkably higher in July than in February, and gradually increased from the freshwater areas to the brackish areas. In contrast, there were relatively complex seasonal and spatial changes in stable nitrogen isotopes. It was also reflected that δ15N and C/N compositions had been obviously modified by organic matter diagenesis and biological processing, and could not be used to trace the sources of organic matter at the study area. In addition, it was considered that the mixing inputs of terrigenous and marine materials generally dominated sedimentary organic matter in the intertidal flat. The contribution of terrigenous inputs to sedimentary organic matter was roughly estimated according to the mixing balance model of stable carbon isotopes. 相似文献
188.
We studied the relationships between streamwater chemistry and the topography of subcatchments in the Dorokawa watershed in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, to examine the use of topography as a predictor of streamwater chemistry in a watershed with relatively moderate terrain compared with other regions of Japan. Topographic characteristics of the Dorokawa watershed and its subcatchments were expressed as topographic index (TI) values, which ranged from 4·5 to 20·4 for individual grid cells (50 × 50 m2), but averaged from 6·4 to 7·4 for the 20 subcatchments. Streamwater samples for chemical analyses were collected four times between June and October 2002 from 20 locations in the watershed. The pH of water that passed through the watershed increased from ~5·0 to 7·0, with major increases in Na+ and Ca2+ and marked decreases in NO3? and SO . Distinctive spatial patterns were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NO3? concentrations of streamwater across the watershed. Statistical analyses indicated significant linear relationships between the average TI values of subcatchments and DOC, DON, and NO3? concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of DOC in streamwaters in the wet season increased with TI values relative to other nitrogen species, whereas NO3? concentrations decreased with TI. The gradients of soil wetness and the presence of wetlands explained many of the observed spatial and temporal patterns of DOC, DON, and NO3? concentrations in the surface waters of the Dorokawa watershed. Our results suggest that the TI is especially useful for predicting the spatial distribution of DOC, DON and NO3? in the surface waters of Hokkaido, where topographical relief is moderate and wetlands more common than in other regions of Japan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
189.
在非淹水、淹水两种水分条件下模拟氮沉降变化(分别相当于氮沉降0g/(m2.a)、1g/(m2.a)、3g/(m2.a)、5g/(m2.a))对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章生物量及其分配的影响。结果表明,不同水分状况下氮沉降均促进小叶章生物量的积累,且以N5水平下生物量增加最多(p<0.05)。小叶章各器官生物量增长程度对氮沉降的响应并不一致:非淹水条件下根生物量平均增长最大(54.5%),其次是叶(31%)、茎(19.2%);淹水条件下小叶章各部位的生物量增长更为显著,其中根生物量平均增长124.7%,叶、茎生物量分别增长62%和61.1%。氮沉降明显促进了根生物量的积累,提高根生物量的分配比例。生长季的氮沉降对于改变湿地的营养状况、刺激植物生长具有直接的生态意义。 相似文献
190.
北京奥运会期间CBM-Z化学机制的模拟应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用CBM-Z化学机制模拟了中国科学院大气物理研究所气象塔站在北京奥运会期间高臭氧时段O3浓度的日变化,评估了气象条件、北京奥运会加强控制措施以及O3前体物浓度对近地面O3生成的影响。结果表明:(1)CBM-Z化学机制较好地模拟了北京奥运会期间典型时段气象塔站O3、NO、NO2日变化特征。(2)有利于局地高臭氧事件发生的气象条件非常相似;北京奥运会加强控制措施的实施显著减少了NOx及VOCs的排放量,导致近地面O3浓度的明显下降。(3)奥运会期间VOCs和CO是影响气象塔站O3生成量的关键因素。 相似文献