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261.
Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km2, making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions. 相似文献
262.
The swing of the main channel of the Qiantang River is controlled by the high-water and low-water changes in the river, as well as the impact of large-scale reclamation of tidal flats. Its evolution in modern times is the result of the combined functions of natural and man-made factors. This paper analyzes the cause of the formation of the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow and proposes the regulation principle of “To regulate the river and reclaim tidal flats by taking the advantage of local topography”. It is suggested to cut off the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow completely to restrict the swing of the main channel and to increase the reclamation area of the tidal flat at the same time. 相似文献
263.
264.
运用MALVERN公司2000型粒度仪对珠江三角洲地区的江村ZK2钻孔作粒度分析,江村钻孔按粒度的偏态值可划分为两个河相与海相或湖泊沼泽相的沉积交替过程,同时与粒度参数、年代数据以及前人所做的孢粉等证据相结合,大致看出研究区气候变化的4个千年尺度的气候波动:第一阶段为较长时间的冷干期,该段时间约为20-10.7kaB.P.;第二阶段为回暖期,时间大致在10.7-7.5kaB.P.,总体比较湿润;第三阶段为升温期,该时期约在7.5-5kaB.P.之间,在此期间各有一次干湿交替;第四阶段为降温期,时间大约出现在5kaB.P.至今,这是一个波动性较大的时期,也各有一次干湿交替。 相似文献
265.
Laurence Le Callonnec Alain Person Maurice Renard René Létolle Nathalie Nebout Leila Ben Khelifa Ivan Rubanov 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(12):1035-1044
The withdrawal of the Aral Sea tributaries (Amu and Syr Daria) for cultures has led to significant falls of its level and an important increase in its salinity. During the Holocene, a succession of low and high water inputs occurred. Silty deposits correspond to the high levels and carbonates to the low levels. This study makes a distinction between the Syr Daria and the Amu Daria water inputs during low-level periods by using mineralogical and chemical compositions of the carbonates deposits. Waters from the Syr Daria are more sulphatic and have a low iron content in comparison with that of the Amu Daria. The Syr Daria was the major tributary around 7500, 4956 and 970 yr?BP, whereas around 6200 and 3610 yr?BP, inflow also from the Amu Daria is observed. To cite this article: L. Le Callonnec et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
266.
Statistical and geostatistical features of streambed hydraulic conductivities in the Platte River, Nebraska 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xunhong Chen 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):693-701
This paper presents streambed hydraulic conductivities of the Platte River from south-central to eastern Nebraska. The hydraulic
conductivities were determined from river channels using permeameter tests. The vertical hydraulic conductivities (K
v
) from seven test sites along this river in south-central Nebraska belong to one statistical population. Its mean value is
40.2 m/d. However, the vertical hydraulic conductivities along four transects of the Ashland test site in eastern Nebraska
have lower mean values, are statistically different from the K
v
values in south-central Nebraska, and belong to two different populations with mean values of 20.7 and 9.1 m/d, respectively.
Finer sediments carried from the Loup River and Elkhorn River watersheds to the eastern reach of the Platte River lowers the
vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed. Correlation coefficients between water depth and K
v
values along a test transect indicates a positive correlation – a larger K
v
usually occurs in the part of channel with deeper water. Experimental variograms derived from the vertical hydraulic conductivities
for several transects across the channels of the Platte River show periodicity of spatial correlation, which likely result
from periodic variation of water depth across the channels. The sandy to gravelly streambed contains very local silt and clay
layers; spatially continuous low-permeability streambed was not observed in the river channels. The horizontal hydraulic conductivities
were larger than the vertical hydraulic conductivities for the same test locations. 相似文献
267.
Development of an integrated conceptual model for the rational management of the transboundary Nestos River, Greece 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Nestos River basin,
which is formed within the Greek mountainous part of the river. The quantitative analysis was mainly based on the data of
the river flow in different gauging points across the rivercourse as well as on the data of groundwater discharge from karst
springs of the mountainous area while important conclusions were made regarding the hydraulic connection between the surface
waters of the river and the groundwater of the karst aquifers of the basin. The qualitative analysis has shown that the quality
of both surface waters and groundwaters of the investigated basin is high, whereas, no sources of contamination were indicated
during this research. The possible effects of the two large dams of Platanovrisi and Thesavros are also analysed as they strongly
affect the quantitative and qualitative regime of the river delta. 相似文献
268.
Temporal and spatial variations in water flow and sediment load in Narmada River Basin, India: natural and man-made factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Narmada River flows through the Deccan volcanics and transports water and sediments to the adjacent Arabian Sea. In a
first-ever attempt, spatial and temporal (annual, seasonal, monthly and daily) variations in water discharge and sediment
loads of Narmada River and its tributaries and the probable causes for these variations are discussed. The study has been
carried out with data from twenty-two years of daily water discharge at nineteen locations and sediment concentrations data
at fourteen locations in the entire Narmada River Basin. Water flow in the river is a major factor influencing sediment loads
in the river. The monsoon season, which accounts for 85 to 95% of total annual rainfall in the basin, is the main source of
water flow in the river. Almost 85 to 98% of annual sediment loads in the river are transported during the monsoon season
(June to November). The average annual sediment flux to the Arabian Sea at Garudeshwar (farthest downstream location) is 34.29×106 t year−1 with a water discharge of 23.57 km3 year−1. These numbers are the latest and revised estimates for Narmada River. Water flow in the river is influenced by rainfall,
catchment area and groundwater inputs, whereas rainfall intensity, geology/soil characteristics of the catchment area and
presence of reservoirs/dams play a major role in sediment discharge. The largest dam in the basin, namely Sardar Sarovar Dam,
traps almost 60–80% of sediments carried by the river before it reaches the Arabian Sea. 相似文献
269.
思茅境内澜沧江径流变化量与云南气候变化的关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以思茅澜沧江流域下游思茅境内水文站1960年1月~2001年12月的逐月径流量和云南的月雨量(气温)场格点资料为基础,用相关分析的方法,研究了思茅境内澜沧江流域的东西部径流量变化及其与云南气候变化的关系。结论为:思茅境内澜沧江下游流域的径流量变化与滇西南的降水量变化有显著的相关关系,其季节特征为春夏季较好,秋冬季次之;与元江河谷一带的气温变化也有显著的反相关关系,其中西部流域还与滇南的气温变化有显著的相关关系,其季节特征则为冬春季较好,夏秋季不显著。20世纪80年代以来,该流域的气温变化呈上升趋势,且西部升温的上升趋势更显著,气温上升对径流量的变化起减小的作用;20世纪90年代以来,该流域的东西部降水量变化出现了显著的差异,其东部的降水量明显增多,与此相一致,其东部径流量变化的增幅也明显大于其西部。 相似文献
270.
元江-红河跨境水质环境问题和保护研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在红河干流不同污染流域,设立5个环境监测断面,同时选定人烟稀少、无工业、自然条件良好的李仙江加禾断面为对照。利用1999~2002年对水质影响大的DO、COD、BOD5、NH 3-N、NO3-N、NO 2-N、Cu、Pb、Cd、T-P、石油类及SS 12项污染物,均在枯、丰、平3个不同水期采样监测,将监测结果做数理统计分析,研究污染物的迁移、转化规律,并得出:出境断面NH 3-N平均含量高达0.18~0.86m gL/,T-P高达0.045~0.315m g/L,SS高达69~3412m gL/,从而提出小流域治理、退耕还林、城市水网改造及控制含磷洗涤剂使用的建议。 相似文献