湘东邓阜仙花岗岩成因及对成矿的制约:锆石/锡石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf-O同位素及全岩地球化学特征

南岭地区晚三叠世成矿规模较小且零散,而晚侏罗世成矿规模巨大,以往的研究较少关注两期花岗岩之间的成因联系及与成矿的关系。湘东邓阜仙花岗岩体位于南岭地区中段,是具有晚三叠世、晚侏罗世两期岩浆活动的复式岩体,并发育有钨矿床。本文对区内花岗岩及蚀变岩型矿体进行了锆石/锡石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf-O同位素与全岩主微量分析,以期揭示两期花岗岩的地球化学特征、成因联系和与成矿的关系。锆石SIMS U-Pb定年结果表明,区内花岗岩的成岩年龄分别为~228Ma和~153Ma。湘东钨矿的锡石U-Pb定年结果为154.4±2.1Ma,表明钨锡矿化形成于晚侏罗世。两期花岗岩均具有高硅、高钾、弱过铝质至强过铝质的特征,结合锆石的Hf-O同位素组成,指示它们具有相似的成因,均起源于中-古元古代基底地壳物质的部分熔融,晚三叠世花岗岩混入了更多的成熟地壳物质,区域的富矿地层对于湘东钨矿形成的直接影响不大。邓阜仙晚侏罗世花岗岩更高的Fe含量和Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值,更显著的Eu、Ce负异常,指示其经历了更高程度的分异演化,两期成岩过程中的差异可能与区域上的晚侏罗世发生的太平洋俯冲作用相关。     

湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床花岗质岩浆性质及演化对成矿差异的约束

黄沙坪矿床是湘南地区最大的铅锌矿床,除铅、锌外,可供开采利用的矿种还包括钨、锡、钼、铜、铁、硫等。矿区内岩浆作用复杂、成矿元素多样、矿化类型丰富,是研究湘南地区斑岩-矽卡岩-热液脉型Cu多金属与矽卡岩W-Sn多金属复合成矿作用的理想对象。为查明矿区Cu多金属与W多金属复合成矿机理,本文在已有研究的基础上,从岩石学、矿物学及元素地球化学等方面分别对区内石英斑岩和花岗斑岩这两类成矿岩体开展了系统研究。结果表明,两类岩体具有相似的源区特征,但在源区性质及其演化过程方面仍存在差异:石英斑岩侵位深度更浅,具有相对较高的氧逸度和较低的形成温度;而花岗斑岩则侵位相对更深,具有更高的形成温度和极高的分异演化程度、更低的氧逸度。这些地球化学特征差异可能是制约石英斑岩成铜矿而花岗斑岩成钨矿的重要原因。     

安徽池州马头铜钼矿主成矿元素分布特征及富集机理

马头铜钼矿床是江南过渡带池州段达到详查级别的矿床。根据该矿床的矿化分布特征、6个钻孔的成矿元素分析结果,结合镜下鉴定分析认为,马头铜钼矿床岩浆热源中心位于15线以南的西山岩体深部,成矿流体运移方向呈南南西→北北东、西山岩体深部→浅部、岩体中心→远离岩体的迁移规律。Cu、Mo、W等金属元素的迁移、沉淀、富集不是某一种因素单独造成的,而是各种物理化学和地质因素共同作用的结果,是不同期次成矿流体产物的叠加。研究区成矿流体至少有2期,一期为富含以钼为主、伴生铜的热液,另一期为以富铜为主的热液。     

江西冷水坑矿田下鲍Ag-Pb-Zn矿床地质特征及银的赋存状态研究

下鲍大型Ag-Pb-Zn矿床位于江西冷水坑矿田西南部。矿床地质研究表明,成矿作用可以分三个阶段:(Ⅰ)闪锌矿-黄铁矿阶段;(Ⅱ)方铅矿-闪锌矿-银矿物阶段;(Ⅲ)黄铁矿-石英(方解石)阶段。岩矿石光薄片鉴定和电子探针分析表明,下鲍矿床主要金属硫化物为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿及银矿物。电子探针分析显示,银主要以独立银矿物形式存在,金属硫化物中不可见银极少。银矿物种类主要为螺状硫银矿和自然银,呈裂隙银赋存于铁锰碳酸盐中或呈粒间银分布于铁锰碳酸盐粒间和早期硫化物晶隙间;另有少量硫银锡矿、含银黝铜矿、淡红银矿、金银矿及深红银矿、硫砷铜银矿等银矿物,呈亚显微粒状赋存于铁锰碳酸盐粒间或呈固溶体分离结构赋存于方铅矿、闪锌矿等硫化物中。主要银矿物大量赋存于铁锰碳酸盐中,表明银矿化与铁锰碳酸盐可能存在成因联系。     

福建永泰岭头坪矿区金铅锌矿地质特征及找矿远景

福建省永泰县岭头坪矿区金铅锌矿位于华南褶皱系东部,寿宁—华安火山基底隆起带中段东侧,屏南—华安NE向断裂带与建宁—湄洲湾NW向断裂带的交汇部位。通过区域地质、矿床地质、土壤地球化学特征等分析,认为构造是控制区内矿体诸多因素中最主要因素;晚侏罗世中酸性火山碎屑岩是岩浆热源;基底卓地组、葛坑组变质岩是金的来源,侏罗系南园组第二、第三段为区域铅、锌、铜、钼提供了矿质来源。研究区就矿找矿潜力大,下寨一带深部有金或铅锌矿体,下寨—湖头一带可能有铅锌矿。     

兰坪盆地西缘沉积岩容矿脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿时代

兰坪盆地是中国著名的三江构造-成矿带的重要组成部分。兰坪盆地西缘发育大量沉积岩容矿脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多 金属矿床,矿体的分布受一个逆冲推覆构造控制。逆冲推覆构造的根部带主要发育脉状Cu-Ag（Mo） 矿床（包括金满 Cu-Ag、连城Cu-Mo及一系列脉状Cu矿床）;前锋带主要发育Pb-Zn-Ag（±Cu） 矿床（包括白秧坪Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu多金属矿 集区及一系列小型的Pb-Zn矿床)。为了探讨兰坪盆地西缘脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿时代,该文在系统总结前人年 代学数据的基础上,补充进行了金满Cu矿床与黄铜矿密切共生的方解石的Sm-Nd法和连城Cu-Mo矿床成矿早阶段辉钼矿 的Re-Os法测年。金满Cu矿床方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄为58±5 Ma,连城Cu-Mo矿床Re-Os年龄为48±2 Ma,结合前人的资 料表明：（1） 根部带Cu矿床主成矿时代为56~48 Ma,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山主碰撞阶段,后期（47~35 Ma） 很可 能存在一期Cu-Ag（Mo） 的叠加或改造成矿作用;（2） 前锋带Pb-Zn-Ag（±Cu） 多金属矿床的成矿作用主要发生在31~29 Ma 左右,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山的晚碰撞构造转换期。     

罗布泊腾龙台地第四系含钾盐类矿物赋存特征分析

罗布泊腾龙台地第四系盐类矿物中部分地段含钾,局部已达工业品位.本文从含钾盐类矿物的主要赋存层位及分布特征入手,在大量观察钻孔岩心和薄片、样品测试基础上,对第四纪含盐系,尤其是含钾盐类矿物赋存特征和分布进行分析,初步总结了3种成矿模式,从沉积时代学角度分析了今后固体钾盐找矿方向.     

The Potential for Environmentally Sound Development of Marine Deposits of Potassic and Phosphatic Minerals Offshore,Southern Africa

Extensive potassium and phosphorous-rich mineralization occurs on the outer continental shelf of the southern and west coasts of South Africa and Nambia. This article reviews the potential of exploiting these deposits in an environmentally sound manner for the manufacture of fertilizer. At present, reserves of potash and phosphate fertilizer are exploited from terresterial deposits, the majority being surface mined. The use of fertilizer in South Africa has shown no growth in the past 13 years, and, in some years, usage has even declined. On average, over the last decade, South Africa has consumed 2 million Mt of fertilizer (including nitrogen) per annum, the vast majority of phosphate fertilizer being produced by FOSKOR from the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex. Potash fertilizer is imported into South Africa. Although fertilizer consumption is expected to decrease in the short-term, there are good future prospects for the domestic and international fertilizer market. Considerable research into both glauconitic (containing K 2 O) and phosphatic deposits along the southern African continental shelf indicate that these sedimentary deposits have a complex genesis and mineralization. Of the total K 2 O reserves of 1300 million Mt on the southern African margin, 1000 million Mt is located off the southern African west coast, and the remainder situated on the Agulhas Bank. The largest glauconite concentration ( - 300 million Mt K 2 O) off southern Africa lies west of Saldanha Bay, South Africa. The distribution of P 2 O 5 off southern Africa is dominated by the vast deposit between Walvis Bay and Luderitz, Nambia. This reserve is estimated to contain 1000 million Mt of greater than 5% P 2 O 5 in a relatively small area of about 10000 km2. The phosphorite deposit south of Saldanha Bay constitutes a reserve of - 3500 million Mt of apatite and the deposit on the Agulhas Bank comprises 5500 million Mt. The phosphate deposit off Saldanha Bay occurs as an extensive, low to medium grade deposit. Although vast resources of potash and phosphatic minerals occur along the southern African outer continental shelf the expensive nature of marine exploitation may render most of these deposits, especially the phosphates, subeconomic. The low price of fertilizer andextensive natureontheonland deposits, although confined to asmallnumber of countries, mean that it will not be financially viable to extract these deposits. Assuming high grade glauconitic sand with the right composition can be located, the high market price indicates good future prospects for these potash deposits.     

Arterial faults and their role in mineralizing systems

In quartzo-feldspathic continental crust with moderate-to-high heat flow,seismic activity extends to depths of 10-20 km,bounded by isotherms in the 350-450 C range.Fluid overpressuring above hydrostatic in seismogenic crust,is heterogeneous but tends to develop in the lower seismogenic zone(basal seismogenic zone reservoir=b.s.z.reservoir) where the transition between hydrostatically pressured and overpressured crust is likely an irregular,time-dependent.3-D interface with overpressuring concentrated around active faults and their ductile shear zone roots.The term Arterial Fault is applied to fault structures that root in portions of the crust where pore fluids are overpressured(i.e.at hydrostatic pressure) and serve as feeders for such fluids and their contained solutes into overlying parts of the crust.While arterial flow may occur on any type of fault,it is most likely to be associated with reverse faults in areas of horizontal compression where fluid overpressuring is most easily sustained.Frictional stability and flow permeability of faults are both affected by the state of stress on the fault(shear stress,τ;normal stress,σ_n),the level of pore-fluid pressure,P_f,and episodes of fault slip,allowing for a complex interplay between fault movement and fluid flow.For seismically active faults the time dependence of permeability is critical,leading to fault-valve behaviour whereby overpressures accumulate at depth during interseismic intervals with fluid discharged along enhanced fault-fracture permeability following each rupture event.Patterns of mineralization also suggest that flow along faults is non-uniform,concentrating along tortuous pathways within the fault surface.Equivalent hydrostatic head above ground level for near-lithostatic overpressures at depth(1.65×depth of zone) provides a measure of arterial potential.Settings for arterial faults include fault systems developed in compacting sedimentary basins,faults penetrating zones of active plutonic intrusion that encounter overpressured fluids exsolved from magma,together with those derived from contact metamorphism of fluid-rich wallrocks,and/or from regional devolatilisation accompanying prograde metamorphism.Specially significant are active faults within accretionary prisms rooted into overpressured subduction interfaces,and steep reverse faults activated by high overpressures from b.s.z.reservoirs during compressional inversion.