超大型铜镍硫化物矿床研究进展

超大型铜镍硫化物矿床不仅赋存有巨大的铂族贵金属资源,而且赋存有非常重要的深源信息,对其成矿理论的多学科综合研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。通过对超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的产出特征、时空分布、构造环境、控矿条件、母岩浆系列、成矿机理等研究现状的总结,认为以下几方面研究具有较大潜力：（１）矿床成因;（２）通过构造—流体—岩浆—成矿动力学综合研究,揭示成矿机制与全球变化的内在关系;（３）元古宙板块构造演化与超大型矿床形成的关系。     

单轴压缩下岩石应变局部化的应变梯度塑性解

通过在屈服函数中引入材料内部长度建立应变梯度塑性增量本构关系,对岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下应变局部化的二维情况进行了研究。首先,建立了在Mises屈服准则下平面应变情况的岩石材料应变局部化带的带宽与其倾角的关系式,讨论了其带宽的分布范围和最大值与最小值形成的条件,给出岩石材料破坏Ⅰ, Ⅱ类变形的条件,并推出破坏的临界角度;其次,对岩石材料Ⅰ类变形进行了详细地分析,讨论了在不同泊松比 和 条件下材料应变局部化带的倾角的变化范围;最后,利用所得的结论同材料破坏的库仑准则进行对比研究,对内摩擦系数给予了合理的解释。     

一种新的本构理论及其在基桩分析中的应用

首次将岩土体荷载与位移特征曲线划分为3种类型,并定义高地应力的判别标准。提出一种新的本构理论,可以描述在不同正压力（或不同围压）下应力（或荷载）与应变（或位移）的全过程特征,只有3个描述材料结构和状态的力学参数。该理论不仅可以描述单个材料,也可以描述多种材料组成的复合材料和两种不同材料界面等力学特性,变形可达任意值。对于长沙湾特大桥基桩,在不同静载荷作用下不同土体与桩之间的力学特性采用新本构理论进行数值模拟,结果表明该本构理论可以描述不同岩土体和岩土体与基桩之间的力学特性。     

Perturbed solution of sea-air oscillator for the E1 Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a-Southern Oscillation mechanism

A class of coupled system of the E1 Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mechanism is studied. Using the perturbed theory, the asymptotic expansions of the solution for ENSO model are obtained and the asymptotic behavior of solution for corresponding problem is considered.     

Radiation–hydrodynamical collapse of pre-galactic clouds in the ultraviolet background

To explain the effects of the ultraviolet (UV) background radiation on the collapse of pre-galactic clouds, we implement a radiation–hydrodynamical calculation, combining one-dimensional spherical hydrodynamics with an accurate treatment of the radiative transfer of ionizing photons. Both absorption and scattering of UV photons are explicitly taken into account. It turns out that a gas cloud contracting within the dark matter potential does not settle into hydrostatic equilibrium, but undergoes run-away collapse even under the presence of the external UV field. The cloud centre is shown to become self-shielded against ionizing photons by radiative transfer effects before shrinking to the rotation barrier. Based on our simulation results, we further discuss the possibility of H₂ cooling and subsequent star formation in a run-away collapsing core. The present results are closely relevant to the survival of subgalactic Population III objects as well as to metal injection into intergalactic space.     

Dual models of pore spaces

We present a model for pore spaces that consists of two parts related by duality: (1) a decomposition of an open polyhedral pore space into open contractible pore bodies separated by relatively open interfaces and (2) a pore network that is homotopy equivalent to the pore space. The dual model is unique and free of parameters, but it relies on regularity conditions for the pore space. We show how to approximate any pore space by the interior of a polyhedral complex such that the regularity conditions are fulfilled. Thus, we are able to calculate the dual model from synthetic porous media and images of real porous media. The pore bodies are unions of relatively open Delaunay cells with respect to the corners of the pore boundary, and the pore network consists of certain at most two-dimensional (2D) Voronoi cells with respect to the corners of the pore boundary. The pore network describes the neighborhood relations between the pore bodies. In particular, any relatively open 2D Delaunay face f separating two pore bodies has a unique (relatively open) dual network edge. In our model, f is a pore throat only if it is hit by its dual network edge. Thus, as opposed to widespread intuition, any pore throat is convex, and adjacent pore bodies are not necessarily separated by pore throats. Due to the duality between the pore network and the decomposition of the pore space into pore bodies it is straightforward to store the geometrical properties of the pore bodies [pore throats] as attributes of the dual network vertices [edges]. Such an attributed network is used to perform 2D drainage simulations. The results agree very well with those from a pore-morphology based modeling approach performed directly on the digital image of a porous medium. Contractibility of the pore bodies and homotopy equivalence of the pore space and the pore network is proven using discrete Morse theory and the nerve theorem from combinatorial topology.     

基于乡村多功能理论的少数民族传统聚落景观风貌演化特征及影响机制研究——以湖南怀化皇都村为例

在快速推进城镇化的背景下,以湖南省怀化市皇都村为例,基于乡村多功能理论,探究乡村聚落景观风貌演化过程和驱动机制。采用参与式农村评估方法,以Google Earth高清影像数据为基础,通过影像纠正拼接,结合实地调研数据,探究景观风貌的演变特征。研究显示：① 乡村多功能变化与聚落景观风貌变化是相互联系的,具有紧密的相关性;② 皇都村景观风貌演化阶段可分为缓慢且稳定的乡村传统功能型、无组织有方向的乡村生产功能型、矛盾到趋于协同的乡村现代功能型;③ 聚落的生活居住功能、生产保障功能、生态保育功能、商业服务功能、文化传承功能等多功能发展特征明显,多功能协调发展对景观风貌保护和演化具有积极意义;④ 皇都村景观风貌演变是一个动态的持续的过程,是内生驱动力、外源驱动力以及自然驱动力共同作用的外在表现,皇都村从单一的农业生产功能逐步向多功能路径转变,实现了景观风貌的多样性。     

K_0固结饱和粘土三轴压缩与拉伸循环强度之间的关系

针对有应力反向与无应力反向两种循环应力条件,进行了k0固结饱和粘土不排水循环三轴压缩与拉伸强度试验。为了分析三轴压缩与三轴拉伸循环强度之间关系,依据3个围压下三轴压缩循环强度试验结果,确定了与不同循环破坏次数对应的Mohr-Coulomb循环强度指标。据此预测k0固结土样三轴拉伸循环强度,预测结果小于实测结果,当循环破坏次数为2 000时,两者之间相对偏差为13%左右。因此,可以依据Mohr-Coulomb强度理论建立k0固结饱和粘土不排水三轴压缩与拉伸循环强度之间的关系。