5月孟加拉湾风暴不同移动路径典型个例的大气环境场对比分析

利用JTWC最佳路径数据集及欧洲中心ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了5月孟加拉湾气旋和风暴的活动特征,并重点分析了4个不同路径的典型孟加拉湾风暴大气环境场差异,初步探讨了影响风暴移动的关键大气环流因子。研究表明:5月孟加拉湾风暴路径分为北上、东北移、西北移、转向4种,其中东北移路径最多,北上路径最少;孟加拉湾风暴的生成和移动与阿拉伯副热带高压和西太平洋副热带高压的相对强弱和位置,以及中高纬度槽脊波动密切联系,同时还与孟加拉湾风暴的生成位置有一定关系,10°N以北孟加拉湾海域生成的风暴容易东北移,10°N以南孟加拉湾海域生成的风暴却容易西北移,这与西太平洋副热带高压边缘不同引导气流的作用有关;孟加拉湾风暴移动路径还与高空急流变化有关,风暴有趋于高空急流右侧辐散区运动的趋势;孟加拉湾风暴生成于弱的垂直纬向风切变区,纬向风移动增强的方向指示孟加拉湾风暴移动的方向。     

Evidence for anisotropy in the super-thick sedimentary basin,Bay of Bengal

Evidence for anisotropy in the super-thick sedimentary basin under the northern Bay of Bengal is presented. Surface wave group velocity data given by Brune and Singh (1986) is better fit by an anisotropic model than an isotropic one. This lends support to the hypothesis that the mid-crustal rocks are metasediments and that the section of sediments and metasediments is more than 20 km thick.     

胶州湾李村河口沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征

在胶州湾李村河口钻取两个柱状沉积物样，分层进行REE含量测定。本区沉积物REE分布模式为右倾，富集轻稀土，具中等Eu负异常，与东海、黄海等近海陆源沉积物相似。同时与崂山花岗岩REE配分特征十分相近。因此，李村河口沉积物REE地球化学特征主要是源区物质崂山花岗岩稀土配分特征的继承与发展，基本未受人类活动的影响。     

Internal Structure of the Incised Valley Fill in the Hangzhou Bay, Eastern China and Its Geological Implications

This paper presents the sedimentary facies and formation of the Qiantangjiang and Taihu incised valleys, and the characteristics of shallow gas reservoir distribution, based on a large number of data of drilling, static sounding and chemical analysis obtained from the present Hangzhou Bay coastal plain. The incised valleys were formed during the last glacial maximum and were subsequently filled with fluvial facies during the post-glacial period. All commercial gases are stored in the flood plain sand lenses of the incised valleys.     

May 2003 Disaster in Sri Lanka and Cyclone 01-B in the Bay of Bengal

Heavy rainfall deluged South-Western Sri Lanka between the 11th and19th of May 2003 and led to its worst disaster in 50 years. Floods andlandslides claimed 260 lives. The World Meteorological Organizationcited it as evidence for the increase of anomalous climatic extremes inrecent years. Here, a meteorological analysis is presented of this disasteras part of a sustained effort to undertake meteorological applications fordisaster management. There were intense low-level westerlies over SriLanka related to cyclone 01-B that made its way across the Bay of Bengalat least 700 km away. The southeastwardly traverse of the cyclone wasstalled for a few days by anomalous north-westerly geostrophic windsver South Asia. Here, it is argued that orographic rainfall induced bythis stalled cyclone and seasonal inter-tropical convergence zone cloudbands over Sri Lanka led to the deluge. The trajectory of the cyclone wasremote from Sri Lanka and this led to no cyclone hazard warnings beingissued. No cyclones have made landfall in Sri Lanka in May in the last100 years. This study shows that one must exercise vigilance not only inthe path of the cyclone but also remotely due to the modulation of thecyclone by other atmospheric phenomenon and topographic features.This flood may have been predicted with contemporary local area weatherprediction models and this example points to the need for the developmentof local area weather prediction models as part of disaster warning systems.This study also demonstrates the use of meteorological diagnostics forpost-event analysis of hydrometeorology of disaster events.     

Distribution and Significance of Methyl Steranes in Bohai Bay Basin, East China

31 samples of shales and mudstones developed in reducing hypersaline and freshwater setting and 20 oil samples of Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay basin were collected for a detailed study of petroleum system. Composition and distribution, especially significance of steroids, are discussed as a part of those. Abundant steroidal biomarkers, including C27-29 regular steranes, C28-30 4-methyl steranes, dinosteranes and aromatic steranes, were detected. Results show that the composition and distribution of the steroids in samples studied are functions of thermal maturity, organic source, paleoenvironment and lithology of potential source rocks. Alga-rich Es4 shales (brackish water) developed in the south slope of depocenter (Niuzhuang sag) were found particularly rich in steroidal biomarkers including C30 4-methyl steranes and dinosteranes. Es3 mudstones (fresh water) were found devoid of dinosteranes. Distribution patterns of regular steranes are completely different from methyl steranes indicating different origins of the specific compounds of the fraction. Diagnostic distribution of steranes in rock extracts of diverse intervals makes the compounds to be essential indictors of source-rock tracing. Methyl steranes prove to be much more useful in oil-source rock correlation than regular steranes. Results also show that alga-rich Es4 shales located in the south slope are not likely the primary source rock responsible for the oils discovered based on the composition and distribution of steroids.     

渤海湾盆地干热岩型地热资源有利区位研究

基于沉积盆地型干热岩的基本特征,系统总结了渤海湾盆地干热岩型地热资源选区的地热地质学、地球物理学、地表地热显示、干热岩资源潜力和地质安全性等指标,对渤海湾盆地内主要构造单元干热岩赋存背景进行了分析,建立了适宜于沉积盆地型干热岩勘查选区的评价指标体系。通过层次分析和打分法进行综合评价,结果表明,渤海湾盆地内干热岩勘查的最有利区位为沧县隆起区,次有利区位为济阳坳陷和冀中坳陷,显示厚覆盖盆地内隆起区较坳陷区更为有利,而坳陷区内的次级凸起构造较凹陷构造更为有利。基于上述认识,在有利区位中进一步圈定了沧县隆起、牛驼镇-容城凸起、陈庄凸起和乐亭-昌黎凹陷4个靶区,为渤海湾盆地开展干热岩勘查选址指明了方向。     

基于条件价值法评估罗源湾海洋生物多样性维持服务价值

海洋生物多样性维持服务指海洋中不仅生活着丰富的生物种群,还为其提供了重要的产卵场、越冬场、索饵场、避难所、栖息地等场所.基于条件价值法,于2009年8月对福建罗源湾周边城镇居民进行问卷调查,掌握当地居民对保护罗源湾生物多样性的支付意愿,进而评估罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值.结果显示,2009年罗源湾4种珍稀生物的支付意愿为618.8元/户.2004-2008年罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值分别为747.17万元、1 912.52万元、2 565.08万元、3 821.92万元、5 272.00万元.分析表明:家庭年收入、对保护生物的了解程度和环保意识是影响生物多样性维持服务价值的主要因素.对于保护海洋生物多样性来说,经济发展政策和环保政策都是必要的,如何做好这2个政策的平衡是政府应该关注的.     

渤海湾4.2ka事件初步研究

相距3~20km的岭头、罾口河、俵口和空港物流中心4处埋藏牡蛎礁体的年代学研究证实,开始发育的时间不同,但同时在4.2~4.0ka cal BP时结束建礁,即其灭亡与"4.2ka事件"在时间上重合。岭头、罾口河剖面O稳定同位素和罾口河剖面孢粉数据进一步表明,4.5~4.3ka cal BP时研究区气候出现变冷变干的趋势,4.3~4.2ka cal BP逐渐好转,推测这一气候波动变化过程可能是对"4.2ka事件"的响应。     

渤海湾西岸全新世再搬运贝壳驻留时间效应初探

以渤海湾西岸大港区穿港路采土场内贝壳堆积层中的闭合贝壳、单瓣贝壳和贝壳碎屑为对象,开展全新世再搬运贝壳的驻留时间效应研究。通过对5个剖面(剖面2、4~7)、3个层位的15个贝壳测年样品(闭壳合、单瓣壳和贝壳碎屑)AMS14C年龄对比,初步获得研究区单瓣贝壳(或腹足类)的驻留时间经验值为440a、贝壳碎屑的驻留时间经验值为650a。