娄邵地区煤矿地质灾害

本文对娄邵地区煤矿地质灾害的地质背景,灾害特征进行了综合分析,在此基础上,作者认为煤矿开采与抽水使矿区构造应力场变化和重新分配,是产生地质灾害的基因,同时,提出了减灾措施。     

自动站测报系统软件及数据的备份

介绍自动站测报系统软件和数据文备份和恢复的经验方法。     

沪昆客专沙坡特大桥危岩落石形成机制及防治措施研究

沪昆高铁贵昆段沙坡特大桥线路左侧多处危岩落石对大桥构成一定威胁。本文在对区域地质环境和危岩体结构特征的调查的基础上,利用无人机航拍技术,查明了沙坡双线特大桥左侧山坡坡顶裂缝及围岩体的分布,研究了该处危岩落石体的形成的机制,并提出了采用梯形垛反压、清方、灌浆以及局部支挡的防治措施,取得了良好的经济效益,同时保障了沪昆客专安全、有序运营。     

A land-use-based modelling chain to assess the impacts of Natural Water Retention Measures on Europe’s Green Infrastructure

This article details the process of integrating models to answer a specific policy-driven question: ‘What could be the impact of proposed Natural Water Retention Measures (NWRMs) on Europe’s Green Infrastructure (GI)?’ It describes the new Land Use Modelling Platform (LUMP), now enabling a high spatial scale (100-m) and large coverage (pan-European), whereby several sector-specific models contribute to assessing the impact of regional-level policy on a given spatial topic of concern. The configuration (land claims and land allocations modules) and calibration (accessibility and biophysical suitability) of the LUMP are explained. Four NWRM scenarios (riparian areas, afforestation, grassland and baseline scenario) are configured to run the simulations. For the reference: year 2006, the spatial representation of GI is based on land-use features of a refined version of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC), and resumed as connected components made of nodes and links.

Mathematical morphological image processing and network graph theory model, available from the free software package GUIDOS (the Joint Research Center of the European Commission), enabled the measurement of the GI connectivity and identified most critical links. Results show that the competition for land claimed by different economic sectors, combined with policy-driven rule-sets for the implementation of different NWRMs, yields very different results for the 2030 land-use projections, and subsequently for the morphology of GI. Three indicators associated with the morphology of GI are computed in order to assess the model outputs for 2030. The indicators are computed to answer the following questions: (1) How is the quantity of GI affected by each of the NWRM, and what proportion of that GI is most valuable? (2) What is the location of the most critical nodes and connectors of GI, and what land-use conversions occur under these? (3) Are the average components getting larger or smaller?

Whereas the grassland measure results in the largest net increase of GI, the afforestation measure results in the overall largest number of hectares of key nodes and links within the network. Land conversions occur under the critical GI nodes and links, with a large increase in agricultural areas, especially for the riparian measure under critical nodes and the grassland measure under critical links. Also predominant is the swapping of land from pasture to forest under critical links with the afforestation measure. The riparian measure most increases the average size of GI components, and all three measures contribute to bridging two large components which were divided in the 2006 land-use map, thus increasing the size of the largest component by more than 50%.     

Geological note: Authigenic Sr‐Ba‐Ca carbonate minerals in coals of the Hunter Valley,New South Wales

Strontianite (SrCO₃), witherite (BaCO₃) and alstonite (CaBa[CO₃]₂) were among the range of epigenetic coal cleat/fracture carbonates identified within the Wittingham Coal Measures, Jerrys Plains Subgroup in the Hunter Valley. Three stages of diagenetic cement development, all related to basin evolution, are postulated. Material for the development of the various carbonates was derived from: basinal pore fluids, surrounding rock and organic matrix as a result of diagenetic exchange, active mass transport or devolatilization of basement rocks during metamorphism, including plutonic intrusion.     

热带气旋对广州经济建设的影响及其减灾对策

着重分析热带气旋的活动规律,热带气旋灾害的气候特点以及对经济建设的影响.提出热带气旋的减灾对策:气象部门应建立热带气旋防灾减灾系统,加强卫星遥感技术在热带气旋灾害监测中的应用,积极开展气象工程服务;政府和社会应做好防御工程建设,制定和完善防御台风、暴雨等灾害的具体措施,积极发展保险事业,加强城郊防御热带气旋和宣传等防灾减灾工作.     

Strategic elements in the Fort Cooper Coal Measures: potential rare earth elements and other multi-product targets

Abstract

Mineral matter in coals has been found to host valuable elements including germanium, lithium and rare-earth elements (REE), but such content of Australian coals remains under-explored. The aim of this paper is to provide a proof-of-concept study that determines elemental concentrations in the mineral matter of the high-ash, Fort Cooper Coal Measures (FCCM), Bowen Basin, Queensland. Coal in the FCCM has good coking properties but has not been extensively explored owing to its high ash content. This study performs a preliminary assessment of the elements from the coal portion that would typically become waste after washing or combustion. Given that the needs for industrial extraction methods will change over time, cataloguing and documenting the elemental composition of coal may assist future development of multiple products for the benefit of both the coal and mineral industries. This preliminary study has revealed similar elevations of REE and higher-than-average crustal concentrations of lithium, bismuth and scandium in some of the samples. Further analyses will be required on a larger dataset to better understand elemental associations and explore spatial patterns of elemental content that may indicate localised enrichments. Understanding the potential of valuable elements in the FCCM may stimulate interest in multiple-product-coal (or elemental-coal) mining in this under-exploited resource and further encourage the reduction of waste from other Australian coals at the wash-plant stage.     

泥石流(地质)灾害与综合防治

泥石流是一种危害性极大的地质灾害,本文总结了我国近几十年来泥石流综合防治措施,并结合实例,对下岸溪泥石流的形成条件、发展趋势及治理措施进行了论述.     

珠江三角洲乡村城市化的形成机制与调控措施

根据数据分析和实地调查，总结了珠江三角洲乡村城市化的特征。即乡村劳动力非农化速度快，非农化具空间分散性，乡村城市化滞后于工业化，以自来而上为主体的城市化；着重分析了乡村城市化的形成机制，认为地理环境是乡村城市化发生的最基本的前提，由农业生产的推动力和乡镇企业产生的吸引力构成的动力结构是乡村城市化发生的关键，而对外开放则是乡村城市化发生的最重要的外部因素；讨论了乡村城市化过程中存在的问题和矛盾，认为