哈密黄山东一带早泥盆世地层的发现及地质意义

出露于新疆哈密黄山东铜镍矿东北一带的碎屑岩层,前人划定为梧桐窝子组,对其地层时代归属存在较大分歧.最近几年开展“新疆哈密市旱草湖一带1∶5万区域地质矿产调查”项目时,在黄山东一带开展干墩组和梧桐窝子组的年代地层研究,通过实测地质剖面对比研究,采集典型层位岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定其形成年龄为(398±5) Ma,侵入其内石英闪长岩年龄为(378±6) Ma,结合区域地质情况、岩石组合、生物化石类型,说明其形成时代为早泥盆世,确定使用大南湖组作为岩石地层单元.     

塔里木盆地志留系层序地层特征及其勘探意义

基于塔里木盆地典型露头剖面及钻揭地层的系统研究,建立了各区块志留系层序地层基准剖面.志留系可划分出SQ1-SQ5五个层序,不同地区因残留程度不同而层序划分有所差别.志留系层序边界除SB1全盆易于追踪外,其他均不易追踪.根据地震相响应特征,志留系各个层序内部进一步划分体系域均比较困难.SQ1、SQ3为基准面上升半旋回型层...     

Master of the Obscure—Automated Geostatistical Classification in Presence of Complex Geophysical Processes

The topic of this paper is the retrieval of hidden or secondary information on complex spatial variables from geophysical data. Typical situations of obscured geological or geophysical information are the following: (1) Noise may disturb the signal for a variable for which measurements have been collected. (2) The variable of interest may be obscured by other geophysical processes. (3) The information of interest may formally be captured in a secondary variable, whereas data may have been collected for a primary variable only, that is related to the geophysical process of interest. Examples discussed here include mapping of marine-geologic provinces from bathymetric data, identification of sea-ice properties from snow-depth data, analysis of snow surface data in an Alpine environment and association of deformation types in fast-moving glaciers from airborne video material or satellite imagery. Data types include geophysical profile or trackline data, image data, grid or matrix-type data, and more generally, any two-dimensional or three-dimensional discrete or discretizable data sets. The framework for a solution is geostatistical characterization and classification, which typically involves the following steps: (1) calculation of vario functions (which may be of higher order or residual type, or combinations of both), (2) derivation of classification parameters from vario functions, and (3) characterization, classification or segmentation, depending on the applied problem. In some situations, spatial surface roughness is utilized as an auxiliary variable, for instance, roughness of the seafloor may be derived from bathymetric data and be indicative of geological provinces. The objective of this paper is to present components of the geostatistical classification method in a summarizing and synoptical manner, motivated by applied examples and integrating principal and generalized concepts, such as hyperparameters and parameters that relate to the same physical processes and work for data in oversampled and undersampled situations, parameters that facilitate comparison among different data types, data sets and across scales, variograms and vario functions of higher order, and deterministic and connectionist classification algorithms.     

中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(一) 南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布

通过对上、中、下扬子区121个地表及钻井剖面烃源岩的密集扫描取样和地化分析,系统研究了下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、上二叠统、下二叠统四套区域性海相烃源岩的厚度及有机质丰度的纵横向分布,明确了海相烃源岩在纵向上以下寒武统和上二叠统为最好,横向上以上扬子区为最好,其次为下扬子区;确定了五个烃源岩发育区。明确了海相烃源岩以泥岩为主,碳酸盐岩烃源岩只出现在下二叠统栖霞组—茅口组,实测最大厚度为150m,从而表明中国南方不存在上千米厚的碳酸盐岩烃源岩。对四套海相烃源岩的厚度问题、层位问题、原始生烃潜量和碳酸盐岩烃源岩的鉴别问题等提出了认识。     

天文地质学的发展与展望

天文地质学是天文学和地质学的边缘学科，是利用天文学的研究方法、观测资料和研究成果来探讨地球上各种地质现象成因和演化规律的科学。天文地质学的兴起是地球科学进入到成因研究阶段的产物，它的研究可望促进天文学和地质学的共同发展。本文简要介绍了这门新兴学科的发展过程、研究内容及发展趋势.     

海洋浮游生物原位观测技术研究进展

原位观测技术在生物海洋学过程研究中的应用,从海洋生物多样性、海洋生物的生理生态响应和宏观的生态过程及其变动机制等方向的研究中得到迅速的发展,极大提高了对海洋生物学、生态学以及不同时空尺度生物地球化学过程的认识.包括原位光学检测技术、水下显微摄像与自动化鉴定技术、水下流式细胞技术、分子生物传感器等新型原位观测技术,拓宽了各类型观测平台的研究对象范围.重点阐述生物海洋学原位观测技术的发展现状、应用实例及其在立体海洋观测系统中的应用前景.     

Marine Plankton Functional Groups Variation and Ecosystem Change

Marine ecosystem plays a vital role in the economy and society because of its service and production function. Marine ecosystem always changes under the pressure of climate change and human activities. We concern about the status and future of the ecosystem, but it is very difficult to assess and predict the ecosystem health condition. Marine biodiversity is one of the very important indicators of the marine ecosystem change. We focus not only on species composition and quantity change of marine organisms. It is important to determine which are the main contributors to the structure and function of the ecosystem. According to the function of various plankton species in an ecosystem, they can be divided into different functional groups based on the similarity of their ecological roles. By studying the changes of the functional groups, we can enhance our ability to understand the structure and function of ecosystem, and to predict the trend of ecosystem change and the resultant effect on marine biological resource and environment under the multiple pressures of global climate change and human activities. This will help us to establish the marine ecosystem based management.     

四川海相原型盆地的建设与改造

我们把沉积盆地的演化分为建设期和改造期两大阶段,并提出原型盆地恢复的两项主要任务为:重塑盆地建设期的种种特征(包括盆地边界、沉积环境、大地构造背景等)和研究盆地改造期的构造演化特征.对四川海相原型盆地原始边界的地震层析成像研究表明,其结晶基底的北界位于秦岭-大别山造山带下,西北界在松潘-甘孜造山带下,西界和西南界大致与...     

混鱼龙（爬行动物：鱼龙类）在云南罗平中三叠统的发现

本文首次报导和系统描述了在云南罗平中三叠统关岭组上部发现的混鱼龙Mixosaurus kuhnschnyderi Brimkmann, 1998,并与国内外同期地层中已知的混鱼龙种进行了比较。此外,还简单介绍了该鱼龙化石在云南罗平一带中三叠统发现的生物学、地层学和生物古地理分区意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组沉积环境模式

中奥陶统马家沟组是鄂尔多斯盆地的主要天然气储集层之一。奥陶纪由于西边贺兰裂谷和南面秦岭裂谷发生扩张裂离,在盆地西缘和南缘产生裂谷肩翘升,形成 L 形隆起带。在均衡补偿作用下,隆起带东侧伴生一西缓东陡不对称的(内)陆架盆地。研究建立的东西向穿越(内)陆架盆地中心的沉积模式表明:当高海平面时期,L形隆起带沉没于海平面之下,(内)陆架盆地海水环境正常,气候湿润,石灰岩沉积遍及整个盆地;包括隆起带上,仅(内)陆架盆地风暴浪基面之下中心位置有少量灰质白云岩和白云岩沉积。低海平面时期,气候干旱,L 形隆起带接近或有时出露海平面之上,(内)陆架盆地海水补给主要来自东方,(内)陆架盆地处于半局限和局限环境,盆地中心沉积了硬石膏岩和白云岩,盆缘硬石膏岩白云岩坪为白云岩沉积区。极低海平面时期,气候极为干旱,L 形隆起带成为剥蚀区,(内)陆架盆地仅能从东面获得少量已浓缩的海水补给,盆地海水中 CaSO_4和 NaC1高度浓缩,盆地中心沉积石盐岩,盆缘白云岩硬石膏岩坪则沉积硬石膏岩,夹石盐岩和白云岩。L 形隆起带以西毗邻贺兰海槽陡斜坡带,发育各类重力流碳酸盐岩沉积环境,海槽内沉积碳酸盐和硅质碎屑混积型浊积岩。L 形隆起带以南,即渭北隆起地区,整个马家沟期发育为末端变陡的缓坡沉积环境。