Structural characteristics of the KPR-CBR triple-junction inferred from gravity and magnetic interpretations,Philippine Sea Plate

The intersection of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and the Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) is a relic of a trench-trench-rift (TTR) type triple-junction, which preserves some pivotal information on the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the WPB, the emplacement and disintegration of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc, and the transition from initial rifting to steady-state spreading of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB). However, the structural characteristics of this triple-junction have not been thoroughly understood. In this paper, using the newly acquired multi-beam bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data obtained by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, the authors depict the topographic, gravity, and magnetic characteristics of the triple-junction and adjacent region. Calculations including the upward continuations and total horizontal derivatives of gravity anomaly are also performed to highlight the major structural features and discontinuities. Based on these works, the morphological and structural features and their formation mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the last episode amagmatic extension along the CBR led to the formation of a deep rift valley, which extends eastward and incised the KPR. The morphological and structural fabrics of the KPR near and to the south of the triple-junction are consistent with those of the western PVB, manifesting as a series of NNE-SSW- and N-S-trending ridges and troughs, which were produced by the extensional faults associated with the initial rifting of the PVB. The superposition of the above two reasons induced the prominent discontinuity of the KPR in deep and shallow crustal structures between 15°N–15°30′N and 13°30′N–14°N. Combined with previous authors’ results, we propose that the stress produced by the early spreading of the PVB transmitted westward and promoted the final stage amagmatic extension of the CBR. The eastward propagation of the CBR destroyed the KPR, of which the magmatism had decayed or ceased at that time. The destruction mechanism of the KPR associated with the rifting of the PVB varies along strike the KPR. Adjacent to the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed mainly due to the oblique intersection of the PVB rifting center. Whereas south of the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed by the E-W-directional extensional faulting on its whole width.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Conservation,contraception and controversy: Supporting human rights to enable sustainable fisheries in Madagascar

Environmental NGOs are increasingly called upon to respect human rights when undertaking conservation programs. Evaluating a family planning program running alongside marine management measures in Madagascar, we find that family planning services provided by an environmental NGO can support women’s reproductive rights. Family planning services allow the option of smaller families, and give more time to work, increased income and better health. These benefits do not translate into increased support for, or participation in, marine management, however, and women who are able to work more are typically fishing more. We identify patriarchal norms as a key factor preventing the family planning programme from manifesting in improved resource stewardship, limiting opportunities for women to participate fully in resource management meetings and diversify their livelihood outside traditional tasks, including fishing. We propose that a successful human rights-based approach must be more comprehensive, targeting multiple rights and challenging existing institutions and power structures.     

生物土壤结皮固沙理论与实践

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓等孢子植物类群与土壤颗粒形成的有机复合体,在全球干旱区地表广泛分布,是干旱地表生物覆被层的主要构建者.生物土壤结皮是荒漠植物群落演替的先锋类群,能够提高荒漠地表的稳定性,固定碳和氮等营养元素,增加土壤肥力,并在保持土壤水分方面发挥重要作用,因此在干旱区受损地表的生态修复方面具...     

浅论赣北九瑞铜金矿集区的资源潜力

九瑞矿集区是长江中下游铜金成矿带的重要组成部分.数十年来,几代地质和矿山工作者为探明其矿产资源,作出了不懈的努力,取得了巨大成果.但近年来,随着勘探难度的加大,该区矿床勘查和研究处于"半停滞"状态.文章运用前人的科研资料,结合近期的工作成果,用"铜金矿集区"的概念和观点,阐述了矿集区的特征,总结了其控矿因素和成矿规律,分析了九瑞铜金矿集区的成矿系统和资源潜力.     

基于灰色关联分析预测法的腾冲硅藻土矿床资源评价

在矿产资源评价中,可以利用灰色理论的特点,来对目前只有少量信息的预测区进行评价和排序,确定预测靶区,指导找矿工作.应用该方法对云南西部腾冲地区的界头、团田、蛮朵、瑞滇、左所营5个工作区硅藻土资源进行排序,确定了腾冲硅藻土矿床开发下一步的工作方向,明确了矿床灰色关联分析预测法在矿产资源评价中有着重要的应用价值和独特的应用效果.     

气候变化对石羊河流域生态环境的影响分析

利用石羊河流域1959—2018年气象、水文和卫星遥感资料,采用线性倾向率、滑动t检验和相关系数(Pearson)等方法,分析石羊河流域内生态环境因素的变化事实及相互关系,得到气候变化对流域生态环境的影响程度。结果表明：石羊河流域气温呈显著上升趋势,增温速度为下游0.42℃·(10 a)^-1>中游0.36℃·(10 a)^-1>上游0.35℃·(10 a)^-1,近10 a增温最显著,较20世纪60年升高了1.67℃。四季气温均呈显著上升趋势,增温速度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。降水呈缓慢增加趋势,增幅为上游8.3 mm·(10 a)^-1>中游7.0 mm·(10 a)^-1>下游4.1 mm·(10 a)^-1,近10 a增加最显著,较20世纪60年代增加了17%。四季降水呈弱增加趋势,增加幅度为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。河流流量基本持平,植被覆盖面积和归一化植被指数(NDVI)显著增大。近20 a流域气候...     

黔西北普宜地区下三叠统嘉陵江组沉凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、微量元素特征及其地质意义

早三叠世时期频繁的火山事件是导致全球性气候和海洋环境异常的主要原因,前人对早三叠世重要界线时期的火山事件地层开展了大量研究,但对典型界线时期以外的其他火山事件地层却鲜有报道.本文以上扬子西南普宜地区嘉陵江组两件沉凝灰岩为研究对象开展了岩石学、岩相学、锆石年代学及微量元素组合特征等方面的研究.沉凝灰岩样品具有典型岩浆锆石...     

重庆市乡村义务教育资源可得性差异及影响因素

以国家统筹城乡教育发展试验区的重庆市乡村地区为例,采用Densi-Graph城乡识别法进行行政区划内部格网尺度的精准识别,在此基础上探究义务教育资源可得性水平的空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：1)基于Densi-Graph城乡识别法的重庆市城乡差异显著,乡村区域面积达79 752 km²,占区域总面积的96.82%。城市部分面积为2 616 km²,占区域总面积的3.18%。2)重庆市义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著的空间集聚与关联特征,并呈现由中心城区向外递减的格局。3)政府重视程度、社会经济发展水平、交通设施水平、自然地理环境均与义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著相关性。4)交通站点密度与教育投入是影响义务教育资源可得性水平的主导因子,二者与各项因子的交互叠加作用增强效果显著;影响机制上,地形起伏度与坡度是乡村义务教育资源可得性水平的限制条件,社会经济是基础,交通是关键,教育投入是核心。     

我国资源利用现状及节约机制框架的构建

对于资源的态度无非"开源"、"节流"2种,"开源"由于其较高的成本和有限性使得"节流"逐渐受到人们的重视.资源的可持续性是一个长期困扰人类的全球性问题,尤其对我国这样的人多地少、资源匮乏的国度而言,更是关系到生存与发展的迫在眉睫的问题.在分析了我国能源、水、土地、矿产等资源利用特点及供求矛盾的基础上,提出了对我国建设资源节约型社会的关键是有效地激励与约束机制的观点,并且构建了从法律法规、政策、经济、监督等角度建立约束机制,从产权、经济和声誉的角度建立激励机制的思路.     

甘肃省金矿资源预测模型及潜力评价

为了更加科学有效地部署甘肃省金矿勘查找矿工作,必须对全省金资源总量作出定量预测,对省内各成矿带的金资源潜力作出定量评价。文章对甘肃省已发现的429处金矿床(点)的资料及全省1∶20万区域化探资料进行了统计和研究,建立了甘肃省金资源总量丰度估算模型、品位-储量回归预测模型及全省各成矿带金资源潜力分布模型。通过定量预测得知,甘肃省金资源总量的上限值为3166t,金资源总量为2420.6t;西秦岭成矿带的金资源潜力最大,占全省金资源潜力的37%,祁连成矿带次之,占24%,扬子成矿带占15%,北山成矿带占13%。据甘肃省岩金资源回归预测模型,岩金矿床在甘肃省具有极大的资源潜力。