Transports of Nordic Seas water masses and excess SF6 through Fram Strait to the Arctic Ocean

To determine the exchanges between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait is one of the most important aspects, and one of the major challenges, in describing the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea. Especially the northward transport of Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) from the Nordic Seas into the Arctic Ocean is little known. In the two-ship study of the circulation in the Nordic Seas, Arctic Ocean - 2002, the Swedish icebreaker Oden operated in the ice-covered areas in and north of Fram Strait and in the western margins of Greenland and Iceland seas, while RV Knorr of Woods Hole worked in the ice free part of the Nordic Seas. Here two hydrographic sections obtained by Oden, augmented by tracer and velocity measurements with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP), are examined. The first section, reaching from the Svalbard shelf across the Yermak Plateau, covers the region north of Svalbard where inflow to the Arctic Ocean takes place. The second, western, section spans the outflow area extending from west of the Yermak Plateau onto the Greenland shelf. Geostrophic and LADCP derived velocities are both used to estimate the exchanges of water masses between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. The geostrophic computations indicate a total flow of 3.6 Sv entering the Arctic on the eastern section. The southward flow on the western section is found to be 5.1 Sv. The total inflow to the Arctic Ocean obtained using the LADCP derived velocities is much larger, 13.6 Sv, and the southward transport on the western section is 13.7 Sv, equal to the northward transport north of Svalbard. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) originating from a tracer release experiment in the Greenland Sea in 1996 has become a marker for the circulation of AIW. From the geostrophic velocities we obtain 0.5 Sv and from the LADCP derived velocities 2.8 Sv of AIW flowing into the Arctic. The annual transport of SF₆ into the Arctic Ocean derived from geostrophy is 5 kg/year, which is of the same magnitude as the observed total annual transport into the North Atlantic, while the LADCP measurements (19 kg/year) imply that it is substantially larger. Little SF₆ was found on the western section, confirming the dominance of the Arctic Ocean water masses and indicating that the major recirculation in Fram Strait takes place farther to the south.     

A deep burrowing sipunculan of ecological and geochemical importance

In late 1980s, a dense network of deep capillary burrows was reported on the Vøring Plateau, Nordic Seas, and associated with a sipunculan belonging to the genus Nephasoma. This sipunculan was responsible for rapid transport of organic matter from the sediment surface down a deep burrow network. Over 460 specimens belonging to the genus Nephasoma were collected from the deep Nordic Seas during four cruises from 2000–2005 and four species identified: Nephasoma abyssorum abyssorum, N. diaphanes diaphanes, N. diaphanes corrugatum and N. lilljeborgi. The species responsible for the deep burrows and rapid subduction of organic matter can now be confirmed as Nephasoma lilljeborgi. Deep burrows associated with N. lilljeborgi were observed on the Vøring Plateau, Bear Island Fan, Svalbard Margin and Yermak Plateau and may be a seabed feature endemic to the Nordic Seas region. N. lilljeborgi could have a significant role in influencing the ecology and geochemistry of the Nordic Seas region. It is recommended that future benthic community studies in the Nordic Seas region confirm the species identity of sipunculan specimens in order to determine the ecological and geochemical importance of the specimens.     

渤、黄、东海三维潮波运动数值模拟

采用POM三维海流数值模式模拟渤、黄、东海潮波运动。所得潮汐调和常数与77个测站的观测值的平均绝对误差：m1振幅1．92cm,迟角4．39°;M2振幅4．70cm,迟角5．08°。模拟结果显示M2分潮流共存在8个圆流点,m1岁潮流共存在9个圆流点。其中,M2分潮流在舟山群岛附近与m1分潮流在黄海北部和台湾海峡谷存在一个圆流点,这三个圆流点是本文数值模拟所首次显示的,需进一步的观测验证它们实际存在与否。模式还得出湍流涡动系数分布。     

黄、东海陆架区悬浮体输运的时空变化规律

利用ＮＯＡＡ卫星１９９５年１月－１９９７年２月的海洋遥感资料系统的分析和研究了黄、东海陆架区悬浮体向深海输运的时间和空间变化规律,并对其动力机制进行了分析和探讨,研究结果表明,黄、东海悬浮体在１１－３月份向外海输运阶段,５－９月份则同近海为内储阶段,４月份为输变退的月份,１０月份则是退变输的月份,其中３月份黄、东海悬浮体向东海深海输运得最远,９月份则向岸退得最远;黄、东海表面悬浮体向东海的输运范围一般皆位于１００ｍ等深线以内,并很难越过黑潮水系,而输向深海的悬浮体又大都在黄海暖流的作用下回输黄海,其大部输向韩国西南海域。     

渤、黄、东海夏季环流的三维斜压模型

基于拉格朗日时均观点描述环流，建立起潮流与准定常流共同占优势系统中的陆浅海环流模型，并诊断计算了夏季渤、黄、东海的三维环流图。模拟结果较好地再现了渤、黄、东海主要流系的特征。对照冬季结果，对渤、黄、东海环流的季节变化做了阐述。从环流垂向分量的分布图上，可发现渐闽近海、长江口外存在较明显的上升流区。另外，对夏季渤、黄、东海的热盐环流和潮致余流分别进行了模拟，发现它们均能在黄海构成一逆时针向的五流系统，这对形成和维持夏季黄海冷水团的存在有重要作用。热盐环流的模拟结果表明，黄海冷水团环流含有“热成流”的成分；通过Lagrange余流的计算发现环绕黄河冷水团的环流还含有“潮成流”的成分。     

黄海、渤海铅-210沉积速率的分布特征及其影响因素

对黄海、渤海17个箱式柱样进行了210Pb放射性活度测定,计算了近百年来210Pb沉积速率,并结合前人资料对黄海、渤海区210Pb沉积速率的空间分布特征及其影响因素进行探讨,结果表明,黄河口附近站位沉积速率最高(＞2 cm/a),而在渤海中部、渤海湾以及山东半岛沿岸的站位沉积速率较小(≈0.5 cm/a),部分站位沉积...     

中国海区常见浮游植物种名更改初步意见

系统地研究了中国海区海洋浮游植物的名称。参照有关文献 ,对硅藻门 37属 1 35种 (包含变种和变型 )、甲藻门 1 6属 60种 (包含变种和变型 )、金藻门 1属 1种和隐藻门 1属 1种的名称进行了适当的调整和更正。对于个别的种类进行了属的迁移和种的联合。     

秋季东、黄海异养细菌(Heterotrophic Bacteria)的分布特点

2000年10-11月,乘"北斗号"考察船进行秋季"东、黄海生态系统动力学与生物资源可持续利用"大面调查,研究秋季东、黄海异养细菌的分布.结果表明,异养细菌在黄海和东海的丰度分别在(2.37-13.33)×108 cell/L和(3.05-13.62)×108 cell/L之间.细菌丰度最高值出现在长江口附近,且断面E和断面F各站位的细菌丰度明显高于其他断面.异养细菌丰度大小以长江口为中心向外海依次递减.东、黄海水体异养细菌生物量分别在244.45-1812.90mgC/m2和100.60-940.87mgC/m2之间.东、黄海异养细菌丰度无显著差异,但是东海海域水体异养细菌生物量高于黄海海域.异养细菌空间分布与浮游植物叶绿素在东海有一定的相关性,黄海异养细菌与硝酸盐浓度的相关性极显著.     

The arenig in South Wales: Sedimentary and volcanic processes during the initiation of a marginal basin

Marine clastic sediments and volcanics of Arenig (Ordovician) age crop out in South Wales. These were deposited after presumed late Tremadoc erosion and subsequent arc volcanicity. Arenig sedimentation was transgressive, and followed significant erosion of the arc volcanics. Arenig conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones were deposited in deltaic and turbiditic systems. Storm and tidal processes influenced the shallow marine deposits. The minor rhyolitic volcanics extruded during the Arenig reflect the development of Ordovician marginal basin-type volcanics across Wales. Five sandstone petrofacies are defined and reflect differing proportions of these volcanics and of Cambrian and Precambrian basement material. Sedimentation patterns were controlled by intra-Arenig tectonism during an overall rise in sea level. Facies and petrofacies were ponded in small, interconnected, marine sub-basins. Earliest Arenig tectonism and sedimentation, also recognized in North Wales, reflects the initiation of a marginal basin in Wales.     

Taiwan and China: A unique fisheries relationship

Taiwan and China have a long history of sharing marine resources in the China Seas. However, due to political issues, the two sides have yet to formalize collaboration and interaction despite such a close geographical relationship. The lack of formal collaboration means they cannot manage fisheries or conserve resources as a team. The lack of collaboration in the regional fisheries management organizations also means a mutually beneficial situation for the two sides is yet to be achieved. Recognizing this, the two sides began negotiations in 2008 and have since signed agreements on fisheries co-operation projects. This paper discusses the unique fisheries relationship between Taiwan and China, and the characteristics of their fishing industries. The paper also presents the latest update on the collaboration between the two sides. Finally, this paper proposes practical solutions for resolving outstanding issues between the two sides’ fishing industries.