我国大气透明度系数的时间变化

作者在文献[1]中探讨了我国大气透明度系数的空间分布及其主要影响因子。本文则探讨大气透明度系数的时间变化,特别是它的长期变化及其成因。结果发现:火山爆发可使大气透明度系数明显减小;由于人类活动影响,冬季大气透明度系数P_2、P_d有明显的减小趋势,P_2、P_d与用煤量等污染指标有很好的负相关。文中还对大气可降水含量的气候学推算方法进行了探讨。本文应用1820—1983年的地球自转变化率资料,分析出地球自转变化存在准44个月、准11年、准24年和准49年的周期。南方涛动指数的变化,大气活动中心位置的移动,赤道东太平洋海温的异常等,都能从地球自转速度变化思期中找到关系。已经发现,在地转长期(准24年和准49年周期)加(减)速时,南方涛动指数减弱(增强),大气活动中心向西北(东南)移动,非洲干旱区降水偏多(偏少);同时发现:在地转短期(准44个月周期)加(减)速时,赤道东太平洋海温降低(升高)。     

CYGNSS海表风场观测数据验证及其可能的应用

海表面风场可以用于获取许多大气和海洋现象的信号,高质量、高时空分辨率的海表面风场数据产品将有利于海洋-大气动力过程的研究.本文使用全球热带系泊浮标阵列计划（Global Tropical Moored Array Programs）的锚定浮标风场数据和西沙通量塔气象观测资料验证了Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System （CYGNSS）的35°N~35°S海面遥感风场观测数据.结果表明,CYGNSS海表面风场与实测资料存在着2.17 m/s左右的平均均方根误差（RMSD）,它可能源于观测数据和卫星遥感资料的观测误差,以及两者在空间和时间上未严格匹配而引起的代表性误差.另外,CYGNSS海表面风速的时间演变与实测资料非常一致,展现了CYGNSS在研究海洋-大气能量和动量交换过程方面的潜在应用价值.本文使用Madden-Julian Oscillation （MJO）和赤道东部印度洋上升流事件作为两个个例,说明了CYGNSS海表面风场资料的潜在应用价值.     

Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones(TCs) over the western North Pacific(WNP) are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m(MWS_(10)) from an ensemble of15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS_(10) are similar in the WNP and South China Sea(SCS); however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS(1.93 h) is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP(2.83 h). The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations,and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit(2008). The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.     

Determination of Intraseasonal Variation of Precipitation Microphysics in the Southern Indian Ocean from Joss–Waldvogel Disdrometer Observation during the CINDY Field Campaign

To date, the intraseasonal variation of raindrop size distribution(DSD) in response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) has been examined only over the Indonesian Maritime Continent, particularly in Sumatra. This paper presents the intraseasonal variation of DSD over the Indian Ocean during the Cooperative Indian Ocean experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011(CINDY 2011) field campaign. The DSDs determined using a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer,which was installed on the roof of the anti-rolling system of the R/V Mirai during stationary observation(25 September to 30 November 2011) at(8°S, 80.5°E), were analyzed. The vertical structure of precipitation was revealed by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar(version 7) data. While the general features of vertical structures of precipitation observed during the CINDY and Sumatra observation are similar, the intraseasonal variation of the DSD in response to the MJO at each location is slightly different. The DSDs during the active phase of the MJO are slightly broader than those during the inactive phase, which is indicated by a larger mass-weighted mean diameter value. Furthermore, the radar reflectivity during the active MJO phase is greater than that during the inactive phase at the same rainfall rate. The microphysical processes that generate large-sized drops over the ocean appear to be more dominant during the active MJO phase, in contrast to the observations made on land(Sumatra). This finding is consistent with the characteristics of radar reflectivity below the freezing level, storm height, bright band height, cloud effective radius, and aerosol optical depth.     

东亚夏季风指数分类与长江中游地区夏季降水的关系

选取适当的亚洲夏季风指数并对它们进行分类,结合1979-2020年长江中游地区夏季降水资料,分析了夏季风异常年份长江中游地区夏季大气环流和降水的特征。主要得出以下结论：（1）两类夏季风指数都与长江中游地区夏季降水呈负相关关系,并且第二类夏季风指数与长江中游地区夏季降水的相关关系更加显著,因此选取第二类夏季风指数来反映长江中游地区夏季降水特征。（2）长江中游地区的降水具有低频振荡特征,在第二类夏季风指数高值年和低值年,振荡的主周期都是32-64天。（3）第二类夏季风指数高值年和低值年的降水差异主要取决于西太平副高的强度和偏南季风的水汽输送。     

SST日变化对西太平洋暖池海表热通量季节内变化的影响

基于利用日最大太阳辐射、日平均海面风和日降水量近似计算海表温度(SST)日变化的振幅的方法，发展了一个计算SST日循环的参数化方案。利用周平均SST强迫美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的CCM3大气模式进行了有、无考虑SST日变化的比较试验。热带海洋与全球大气计划之耦合海气响应实验(TOGA COARE)的强化观测期间IMET浮标的逐时海表观测资料不仅验证了该参数化方案的合理性，也表明了利用参数化方案对强迫场SST迭加日变化使CCM3较真实地模拟出西太平洋暖池海表热通量的季节内变化的位相结构。     

固—液反应体系CaF2—HCl—H2O内化学振荡的动力学模型

本文根据物理化学基本原理，提出HF的表面吸附催化机制对于CaF2-HCl-H2O固－液反应体系溶解振荡起着关键性作用。同时建立了该 体系的动力学模型，研究其振荡现象的非线性动力学起因，虽然这一数学模型是基于CSTR反应器为对象而建立的，不过其基本的结论对叠层式流动反应器的情况也是适用的。     

CISK, EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30-60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE*

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM) and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to represent EWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamics analyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are very important physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.     

利用低纬赤道带垂测站台网测量西移两日行星波的纬向波数

本文介绍一种利用低纬赤道带垂测站台网测量西移两日行星波纬向波数k的新方法.对IGY期间1958年的测量结果分析表明:西移两日行星波纬向波数k=2出现的次数,比k=3出现的次数要多得多.     

济南珍珠泉井水固有振荡试验的解释

本文介绍了济南珍珠泉井水固有振荡试验结果.利用振动理论和Cooper水井-含水层模式对试验进行了解释.计算出珍珠泉水井-含水层系统的阻尼系数和固有振动的角频率.该系统阻尼系数小,角频率恰好和瑞利波角频率相近,因此珍珠泉井水位对地震瑞利波响应的振幅特别大.井水固有振荡试验是一种简便易行、经济迅速的方法,它比其它现场试验方法更宜于推广应用.