利用湖州台形变观测资料检测地震激发的地球球形自由振荡

By using the digital observations of the pendulum tiltmeter, water tube tiltmeter,extensometer and volumetric strainmeter at Huzhou station and with the power spectrum density estimation method,we acquired the_0S_5-_0S_50 fundamental sphere free oscillations caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11,2011,then compared it with the PREM model. The relative errors are mostly bigger than 1.2‰. The extensometer and volume strainmeter can clearly detect _0S_2,_0S_3and_0S_4,which are closely related to the deep structure and earth's interior.     

不同采样率水位同震响应能力及其特征分析

分析同种仪器不同采样率水位资料同震响应记录情况,发现存在很大差异,不但形态上明显不同,响应能力及响应幅度上也差别很大.在此基础上认为,秒采样率数据能更好记录同震响应.指出,为了记录到真实完整可靠的同震响应,观测仪器应在采样率、数据存储容量、GPS授时、触发阈值、时值及分钟值取值方式等方面作改进.最后指出,同震响应分析可能是今后地震分析预报有所突破的一个研究方向.     

太平洋年代际振荡与南北半球际大气质量振荡及东亚季风的联系

众多研究表明,太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)与东亚季风以及我国气候的年代际异常存在显著影响,然而其影响途径及机制仍不明确.本文分别分析了年代际尺度上的太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)、南北半球际大气质量振荡(IHO)以及东亚季风的变化特征,据此建立了三者之间的关系,并进一步分析了它们对我国东部冬夏两季年代际气候异常的影响,所得主要结果包括:(1)PDO与IHO以及东亚季风强度具有明显的年代际波动特征,三者之间存在较好联系,其中它们在70年代和90年代后期处于负位相,而在80年代至90年代中期均处于正位相期.PDO和IHO对全球大范围的低层气温异常,以及大气质量迁移尤其是东半球30°S-50°N区域的质量变化具有显著并且空间一致的影响;(2)当PDO为正位相时,整层大气质量年代际异常呈偶极型的自东半球向西半球太平洋区域输出,造成了南北半球际以及海陆间大气质量迁移,同时引起Walker环流的上升和下沉支位置变化,以及越赤道大气质量流的向北异常输送,并由此建立起东亚季风与PDO和IHO之间的联系;(3)PDO年代际异常与冬夏季节蒙古地区地表气压变动存在密切联系.当PDO指数增强时,冬夏季850hPa均出现显著反气旋风场异常,并在我国东部形成异常北风,从而显著影响东亚冬夏季风强度变化.与之对应,PDO指数与我国东部大部分地区的站点气温、降水的年代际分量保持显著的同期相关.     

ENSO对MJO传播特征演变的影响

利用TRMM降水和ERA-Interim温度、比湿、环流场等再分析资料, 探讨了在1998-2018年冬季年际尺度海温变化对MJO的强度、结构和传播特征的影响。主要结论如下: 通过一种追踪MJO的方法在研究时间范围内共可挑选出50个MJO事件, 其中有14个MJO事件发生在El Ni?o期间, 25个发生在La Ni?a期间, 11个发生在ENSO正常年。El Ni?o年MJO会传播至更远的中东太平洋附近, 而La Ni?a年MJO事件趋于在西太平洋地区消亡, 这主要与东太平洋地区持续的季节内尺度的经向水汽输送有关。此外, 在印度洋和太平洋地区, El Ni?o年的MJO活动更强, 而在海洋性大陆附近, La Ni?a年的MJO活动略强一些。ENSO对MJO强度的影响主要通过影响MJO对流中心东侧水汽的输送, 水汽在异常东风气流的输送下穿过对流中心东边界进入对流中心, 进而造成MJO活动强度的差异。      

The Record-breaking Mei-yu in 2020 and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Tropical SST Anomalies※

The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV.     

时-空二维波传播分解方法及其在季节内振荡分析中的应用

大气季节内振荡最显著的特征之一就是其复杂多变的传播特征。为了进一步分析大气季节内振荡的传播特征及其不同传播方向分量的不同作用,基于波的传播理论,对时-空谱分析进行了发展,提出了时-空二维波传播分解方法,并用理想函数验证了其正确性和可行性。结果表明:对任一时-空二维序列,采用此方法均可正确地分解得到空间上具有不同传播方向的3部分分量:前进波、后退波和驻波分量。之后,对向外长波辐射(OLR)、200和850hPa纬向风的东传、西传分量以及驻波分量分别进行联合经验正交函数(CEOF)分析。结果表明,在东传分量上,热带大气季节内振荡主要表现为纬向1波的向东传播,与对流层高、低层纬向风呈现反位相的斜压结构,和未分解的情况相比,前两个主要模态重要性的排序出现了颠倒,说明通过时-空二维波传播分解,避开了各分量之间的相互影响,进一步揭示了前两个模态的物理意义及其在季节内振荡中的重要性;在西传分量上,热带大气季节内振荡主要表现为纬向2—3波的向西传播;驻波分量主要表现出印度洋和太平洋的反位相结构。对热带地区大气季节内振荡的东、西分量的分析,深化了对热带大气季节内振荡东传、西传特征的了解,这对于热带大气季节内振荡更加准确预报及其...     

中平流层环流转型日期气候及异常特征

利用NCEP/NCAR北半球1958—1997年40a中平流层（10～70 hPa）逐日位势高度场再分析资料,计算出其余弦球函数～YC20的系数A20。根据A20稳定由负转正的日期,确定了中平流层各层环流由气旋型转换为反气旋型的日期。结果表明：1）由冬入夏,20 hPa环流最先由气旋型转换为反气旋型,平均为4月24日;6月17日向下传播到70hPa,历时54d,此时整个中平流层进入盛夏。2）50、70hPa环流转型日期具有明显的年代际变化特征。分析表明,50、70hPa环流转型日期与低纬平流层纬向风准两年振荡存在显著正相关关系。     

超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

低渗-超低渗透率测量是流体渗流力学和岩石物理学研究领域的热点问题.断层带流体输运的定量化研究对于了解断层的力学性质和预测地下流体的流动具有重要意义.文中介绍了新研制的超低渗透率测量系统和工作原理.这套设备使用稳态法和目前逐渐流行的孔隙压力振荡法进行测量,其孔隙流体为蒸馏水和氮气,最高围压可达200M Pa,孔隙压上限为...     

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIA TO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION IN BOREAL SUMMER: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YEARS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years.     

地震和潮汐对气候波动变化的影响

2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸后,全球低温冻害和暴雪灾害频繁发生."潮汐调温说"和"深海巨震降温说"是一种合理的解释.根据"潮汐调温说"和"深海巨震降温说"理论,2005年以后全球气温将因为地震海啸和强潮汐南北震荡而降低.2009年11月至2010年1月低温暴雪袭击北半球,西方科学家也承认2000～2010年气候的...