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11.
Mean transit times (MTTs) can give useful insights into the internal processes of hydrological systems. However, varying model conditioning assumptions and data availability can limit the use of MTT, particularly in terms of comparing the results of studies using different assumptions and data records of varying lengths. We present a systematic analysis of sensitivity of MTT estimates to different methods of artificially extending the data record, varying model warm‐up period lengths and varying sampling intervals for a small upland catchment in the Scottish Highlands. The analysis was based on Cl? data in conjunction with the convolution integral model using the gamma distribution as transit time distribution. It could be shown that three out of four different methods to artificially extend the data record and to generate a warm‐up period give mostly equivalent results. The required minimum warm‐up period length to reliably estimate MTT for a 3‐year period of data was observed to be about 2 years or 3 times the MTT, implying that ~95% of the tracer signal entering the stream at day 1 of the warm‐up period has to be recovered by the end of the warm‐up period in order to avoid significant deviations from the best available MTT estimates. It was furthermore found that sampling intervals of up to 4 weeks can produce MTT estimates within about 0·25 times the best available MTT estimate, albeit with potentially increased process misrepresentation in terms of the gamma distribution parameter α. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Youngwan Seo Hee-Jung Lee You Ah Kim Hyun Joo Youn Burm-Jong Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(4):209-212
In the present study, we have tested the effects of 21 salt marsh plants on cell proliferation of mouse immune cells (spleen
and thymus) using MTT assay in culture. The methanolic extracts of six salt marsh plants (Rosa rugosa, Ixeris tamagawaensis, Artemisia capillaris, Tetragonia tetragonoides, Erigeron annus, and Glehnia littoralis) showed very powerful suppressive effects of mouse immune cell death and significant activities of cell proliferationin vitro. Especially, the methanolic extract ofRosa rugosa was found to have fifteen times compared to the control treatment, demonstrating that Rosa rugosa may have a potent stimulation
effect on immune cell proliferation. These results suggest that several salt marsh plants includingRosa rugosa could be useful for further study as an immunomodulating agent. 相似文献
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Eight compounds were isolated from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv. In normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and recrystallization. Based on MS and ID NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were determined as: stigmast-4-en-3-one (Ⅰ), cholest-4-en-3-one (Ⅱ), cholesterol (m), uracil (Ⅳ), uridine (V), adenosine (Ⅵ), succinic acid (Ⅶ), and 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-on (Ⅷ). All of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was screened using standard MTT method, but all the compounds were inactive (IC50 〉 10 μg/ml). 相似文献
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雪卡毒素(ciguatoxin)是一类具有神经毒性的海洋藻类毒素,高纯度雪卡毒素是开展其相关研究的物质基础。以石斑鱼肝脏为原料,对其脂溶性粗提物经Florisil柱和Sephadex LH-20柱纯化后,用高效液相色谱/质谱(HPLC/MS)和细胞毒性方法对其进行鉴定,证明为太平洋雪卡毒素(P-CTX-1)。HPLC鉴定分析提取物与太平洋雪卡毒素(P-CTX-1)具有相同的保留时间。HPLC/MS检测表明纯化样品在m/z=1 111.3和m/z=1 133.0处出现雪卡毒素[M+H]+峰和[M+Na]+峰,与已有的P-CTX-1分子离子峰完全吻合。四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT)细胞毒性试验证明了雪卡毒素样品对人神经母细胞瘤(SK-N-SH)具有毒性作用,毒素剂量与细胞生长抑制率成线性关系。细胞毒性试验进一步确认该提取物为雪卡毒素,且纯度较高。 相似文献
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在VRS定位中,对影响虚拟站精度的对流层延迟仅是采取简单的基于参考站对流层延迟的几何距离内插模型,虽然此模型较简单,但是精度较差,不利于提高定位精度。因此,本文提出了一种考虑气象元素、纬度和高程对对流层的影响,结合数值气象学内插气象元素的方法,利用经典的对流层HOPFIELD模型以及MTT映射函数,估算出测站点的对流层延迟,通过数值分析,证明了此方法的可行性;特别是在低高度角的情况下,与传统方法相比,在精度及稳定性上有一定的提高。 相似文献
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采用硫酸铵沉淀、有机溶剂分离、Sephadex G-25分子筛层析等实验方法,从文蛤肉中提取了一种低分子量的多肽,命名为Mer2.本文以溴化二苯偶氮盐(MTT)法检测Mer2对体外培养的癌细胞的抑制作用.结果表明Mer2对体外培养的人肝癌细胞株(HepG2)、宫颈癌细胞株(Hela)、胆管癌细胞株(QBC939)、肺癌细胞株(SPC—A-1和LTEP—a-2)的生长均有很强的抑制作用,且抑制效果随着Mer2含量的增高和处理时间的延长而增强,证明Mer2具有广谱的抗癌活性.其中Mer2对人肝癌HepG2细胞株抑制作用最为显著,光学显微镜观察经Mer2细胞培养液处理后的细胞形态发生明显的改变,流式细胞仪实验的结果表明处理后的细胞周期发生明显的改变,并在G0/G1期前出现凋亡峰. 相似文献
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非团环境中的大质量恒星以及大质量双星的起源是理解大质量恒星形成和演化的关键问题之一. 年轻大质量星团内的动力学交会过程是产生大质量逃逸星的重要途径之一. 选取了银河系内年轻大质量星团NGC 3603外围的两个碰撞星风系统候选体MTT68A和MTT71作为研究对象, 通过分析\emphChandra X射线观测以及\emphGaia第2批数据发布(DR2)中的天体测量结果, 研究它们作为相互作用的大质量双星系统的起源. X射线数据的分析表明, 它们的X射线能谱中存在Fe XXV发射线成分; 相较于普通O型星, 以双温等离子体模型拟合得到偏高的高温成分温度($\gtrsim$2.0keV), 并且X射线光度与热光度的比值也较高($\gtrsim10^{-5.8 相似文献
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纤蛇纹石石棉及代用纤维粉尘的光谱研究与噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以纤蛇纹石石棉、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、硅灰石为受试物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测染毒72h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学上的变化。不同浓度ρ/(μg.ml-1)的矿物粉尘(100,200,400,600,800,1000)作用72h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖明显受到抑制并出现大量细胞衰亡,呈现出剂量效应关系,且细胞毒性大小为玻璃纤维>纤蛇纹石石棉>陶瓷纤维>硅灰石>岩棉;形态学观察发现染毒细胞出现空泡、肿胀、裸核、黑褐色颗粒以及胞浆胞核模糊、形态变化等现象,且不同的粉尘对V79细胞的影响不同。总体而言,岩棉是五种粉尘中毒性最低的石棉代用纤维。 相似文献