石油二次运移优势路径形成过程实验及机理分析

利用填装玻璃微珠的玻璃管模型,观察静水条件下油在饱含水孔隙介质中靠浮力形成优势运移路径,以及随后沿已形成的路径运移的过程。实验发现,运移的形成过程、路径的形态以及油在已形成的路径内的运移均表现出强烈的非均一性;前缘跳跃、分段运移等现象揭示了运移过程的复杂性。运移路径一旦形成,直到运移结束,其形态和空间展布特征基本一致;再次注入的油仍基本沿原来的路径运移。连续油柱的浮力及该连续油柱所接触到的孔道的毛细管力之间的复杂关系决定了油气非均匀运移路径的形成过程及其形态特征。     

Early Stage Characteristics of Macro Engineering and Suggestions for the Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project

Taiwan Strait Tunnel (TST) is a Macro Engineering Project (MEP). Countries all over the world have accumulated much experience on MEPs. To study the early stage characteristics of MEPs would be significant for advancing the progress of TST project. This article summarizes some common characteristics in early stage of MEPs, such as Three Gorges, South-to-North Water Diversion, The Channel Tunnel, Confederation Bridge projects, and so on. Some suggestions on early stage development are given to TST project for reference.     

济阳坳陷新生界岩性油气藏特征及油气富集条件

济阳坳陷是一个富含油气的新生代断陷一坳陷盆地,不同区带上岩性油气藏的富集需要同时具备3个基本条件.1）丰富的油源是油气富集的物质条件,济阳坳陷发育多套有效烃源岩,其层系厚度大,分布面积广,资源规模大,与储集砂体之间具有利接触关系.2）优质的砂岩体岩性圈闭是油气富集的聚集条件,应具有圈闭规模大、发育有利的储集相类型和良好储集层的特点.圈闭规模大表现为大规模砂岩体岩性圈闭或数量众多的小型岩性圈闭叠合连片,有利的储集相主要集中在少数3种类型即（扇）三角洲相、浊积扇相和河流相,其中各类储集相的扇中亚相最有利于油气聚集,良好的储集层表现为具有好的砂体类型,并与次生孔隙带形成匹配.3）汇流通道的存在是油气富集的输导条件,充足的油气通过断层汇流通道和孔隙（裂隙）汇流通道运移,在砂岩体圈闭聚集成藏并形成油气富集.因此,济阳坳陷岩性油气藏表现出"主元富集"的特征,即上述的3个基本条件控制了油气在部分次级单元的少数区带发生富集.     

断裂输导在我国高效和中效聚集的大-中型气田形成中的作用

基于对我国53个大.中型气田生储盖组合类型及天然气运移输导类型的研究,认为生储盖组合类型决定了断裂是我国大一中型气田天然气运移的主要输导通道.通过这53个大,中型气田天然气聚集效率与其输导通道之间关系的剖析,发现被断裂输导的大一中型气田主要为高效和中效聚集的气田.这主要是由于断裂本身具有较强的输导能力,同时其输导时期与源岩大量排气期匹配关系好.利用断裂输导天然气的输导能力综合评价参数对我国44个大-中型气田断裂输导天然气能力进行了研究,提出我国要形成高效和中效聚集的大-中型气田的条件是：断裂输导天然气速度一般应大于0.47×10^-12m/s.     

高邮凹陷吴堡断裂构造带对陈堡油田 油气运移的控制作用

陈堡油田是高邮凹陷东南部吴堡断阶带上的断块油田, 由陈2和陈3两个断块构成,其油气来源和运移路径一直存在多种推测。本文在分析吴堡断裂带断层形成特征, 以及陈堡油田的原油组成和成熟特征基础上, 明确了断层构造对陈堡油田烃源岩的演化、油气运移路径和成藏时期的控制作用。陈堡油田两断块上下层段原油成熟度不同是由于油气充注时期不同以及油气运移路径不同所致。刘五舍次洼烃源岩不同时期形成不同成熟度的原油,吴堡断裂系统的分布以及不同时期断层的活动强度影响断层封闭性, 导致不同时期油气运移路径不同。不同成熟度的油气从刘五舍生烃中心通过与吴①断层相交的羽状小断层先后向吴①断层做“切入式”运移汇流到吴①断层面,再通过不同路径运移到陈堡油田不同储层中形成油气藏。陈堡地区不同断块的油气经历了“同源不同期、同期不同路”的运移过程。     

Oil charge history of Paleogene–Eocene reservoir in the Termit Basin (Niger)

A total of 73 oils from the sandstone reservoir of Paleocene–Eocene Sokor 1 Formation in the Termit Basin (eastern Niger) were analysed to investigate the distribution characteristics of biomarkers. Most of the oil samples are quite similar in their organic geochemical characteristics and should have been derived from the same source bed/source kitchen. The homogenisation temperatures of aqueous inclusions in Paleocene–Eocene reservoir of the Termit Basin vary with a range of 76–125?°C. By combining the homogenisation temperatures with the burial and geothermal histories reconstructed by 1-dimensional basin modelling, the timing and episode of oil charge can be obtained, i.e. 13 to 0?Ma for Paleocene–Eocene reservoirs in the Termit Basin. Two presentative geochemical parameters, i.e. Ts / (Ts?+?Tm) and 2,4-dibenzothiophene/1,4-dibenzothiophene (2,4-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT) were applied to trace the oil migration direction and filling pathway. The preferred oil-filling points in the northwest section of the Termit Basin were determined, and the promising exploratory targets were proposed for further oil exploration in this region.     

松辽盆地双城地区断砂匹配关系与油气优势输导通道

双城地区是松辽盆地一个小型的独立生烃凹陷,油水关系复杂,通过对其生烃能力、砂体和断裂匹配关系研究,建立了双城地区优势输导通道。结果表明,双城烃源岩具备一定的生烃能力,断裂和砂体是双城地区油气成藏的主控要素,断裂是作为控制油气运聚方向的主要因素,自源内北西向排出后,在南北向断裂的转折处进入北东向展布的河道摆动带。当砂体与断裂小角度相交时,油气可以沿砂体与断裂面进行横向和垂向运聚,形成有效的断-砂运聚输导网络;当大角度相交时,以遮挡作用为主,构成有效的成藏圈闭区带。由断砂匹配的油气成藏模式可知王府凹陷北坡是主要勘探方向。     

Analysis of hydrogeolgical characteristics and water environmental impact pathway of typical shale gas exploration and development zones in Sichuan Basin,China

Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development.Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed,complex and persistent.Once it is difficult to control the pollution,the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development,various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration,mining well construction,mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper.Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored.Based on the actual situation of typical areas,the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed.It is believed that the groundwater environment can be better protected by strengthening administration,research and application of new technologies,precise design,hydrogeological conditions,and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection.     

岩石圈内的流体通道研究概述

强震孕震环境是一个非常复杂的物质体系，它决定了地震前兆的形成机制，因此，在地震预报基础理论研究中，与强震孕震环境有关的深部物质的物理化学性质的研究具有重要的意义。深部地下流体在地震的孕育和前兆的形成过程中起了极其重要的作用，要研究深部地下流体的活动规律，首先必须研究岩石圈内的流体通道问题。同时，岩石圈内的流体通道也是火山研究中必须面对的一个重要问题。文章在全于流体通道网研究的基础上，简要介绍了岩石圈内流体通道的形成机制、主要特征、研究方法、科学意义和研究展望。     

吲哚类杂环芳香族有机物在好氧和厌氧条件下的微生物降解途径

用红树林的底泥通过富集培养得到在好氧或厌氧条件下能完全矿化吲哚的细菌，并对降解过程及中间代谢产物进行了鉴定。此研究中，吲哚化合物是培养液中的唯一碳和能量来源，而厌氧条件包括有产甲烷和硫酸盐还原。结果表明，不论在哪种条件下，吲哚噪降解过程分二步敖基化反应，分别发生在2和3位上，形成氧化吲哚和靛红。同时，1、2或3位上的甲基替代使1—甲基吲哚，2—甲基吲哚和3—甲基吲哚的降解受到严重抑制。显然，杂环类芳香族化合物的代谢有其共同点，同时不同替代会完全改变有机物的可降解程度。