Diurnal variation of nitric oxide emission flux from a mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary,China

The diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) emission fluxes from a Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangrove wetland were studied in the Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve using a dynamic chamber-based technique and a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results from field experiments show that NO emission from K. obovata and A. marina sampling sites reached maximal values of 1.07 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.23 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively after the night tide. Meanwhile NO emission maintained at a steady lower level in daytime for both wetland sites. In laboratory experiments, NO emission from the mangrove wetland soil samples treated with simulated tides in the darkness exhibited higher values than those in the light, therefore it seems that tides and darkness could increase NO emission from mangrove wetlands, while intensive light, high temperature, and dryness in the daytime decreased NO emission. Compared with K. obovata soil samples, the diurnal average NO emission rate of the A. marina site was significantly higher, which was closely related to relatively higher diurnal average CO₂ emission rate, soil available nitrogen content and soil net nitrification rate of the A. marina site. Moreover, soil samples of the A. marina site were more responsive to simulated tides and the addition of nitrogen than those of the K. obovata site.     

Quantifying 20th century deposition in complex estuarine environment: An example from the Hudson River

Sediment processes in estuaries are controlled by the interaction of factors that include tides, fresh water inputs, bed morphology, sediment supply, and hydrodynamics. The interaction of these factors strongly influences the pattern of sediment deposition. The ability to quantify sediment deposition on a regional scale will improve the understanding of the underlying processes, and provide valuable information for managing estuarine systems. This paper describes our approach for obtaining the deposition pattern and quantifying the amount of 20th century impacted sediments in the Haverstraw Bay section of the Hudson River Estuary. Through the combination of high-resolution seismic data and rapidly acquired geochemical information from numerous sediment cores, we estimate that our study site experiences an average sediment accumulation rate of ∼3 mm/y and that ∼75,000 t/y or ∼10% of the annual total sediment input measured at the Poughkeepsie, NY gauging station (USGS) is stored in this reach of the Hudson River on ∼100 y timescales. A detailed analysis of the depositional pattern indicates that the accumulation rate varies considerably throughout the study area ranging from non-depositional to >8 mm/y. Our data also clearly indicate that the dredged channel in Haverstraw Bay is currently the main focus of deposition in this area.     

长江口海域悬浮颗粒有机物的稳定氮同位素分布及其生物地球化学意义

对2006年2,5,8,11月份长江口海域表层水体中的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)进行稳定氮同位素分析,根据不同季节、不同区域内其1δ5N值的变化研究水体中氮的迁移、转化等生物地球化学过程,揭示其环境行为,从而对该海域的氮循环机制进行探索。研究发现:该海域悬浮颗粒有机物的稳定氮同位素组成(1δ5Np)分布范围较宽,在0.6‰~8.2‰之间,具有明显的时空分布特点,反映了不同程度的陆源输入和氮的生物地球化学过程的影响。口门内,表层水体中1δ5Np的变化主要受长江径流的陆源输入影响,生物地球化学作用影响较弱;最大浑浊带,水体中的悬浮颗粒有机氮受微生物的降解活动影响明显,各季节均存在不同程度的颗粒物分解作用;外海区,陆源输入减弱,悬浮颗粒物的δ15Np值主要受微藻的同化吸收作用以及一定程度的颗粒物分解作用影响。     

2006年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集

根据2006年11月在长江口及其邻近水域(30°30′N～32°30′N,121°E～123°30′E)39个测站采集的浮游植物水样研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征。调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻。浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.13～59.69个/mL之间,平均为4.39个/mL,主要优势物种为圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula和骨条藻Skeletonema spp.,调查区两个细胞丰度密集区分别出现在靠近口门以及外海水域。浮游植物细胞在20m层出现最大值。调查区两个典型断面的浮游植物分布特征分别由骨条藻和圆海链藻所刻画。固氮蓝藻铁氏束毛藻Trichodesmium thiebautii主要出现在调查区东部水域表层。根据浮游植物物种和细胞丰度进行聚类分析后,发现存在调查区东部与近岸2个浮游植物分区。     

基于遥感光谱反射率反演黄河口海域Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙浓度模型

依据黄河口海域含沙水体野外实测光谱反射率为参考实验数据,结合水体表面光谱观测数据建立了经验回归模型,从而定量估测黄河口海域水体表层悬浮泥沙质量浓度,最终得出黄河口海域不同年份水体的悬浮泥沙质量浓度图,这对分析河口海岸带冲淤变化过程具有重要的意义。     

基于高光谱数据的珠江口表层水体悬浮泥沙遥感反演模式

利用2006年12月4日珠江口海域实测的高光谱遥感反射率数据及悬浮泥沙质量浓度数据,进行了该海域表层水体悬浮泥沙遥感反演模式的研究。研究结果表明,悬浮泥沙质量浓度与Rrs(λ1)/Rr s(λ2)-Rrs(λ1)/Rrs(λ3)的相关性较好,其中Rrs(λ)代表遥感反射率,λ代表波长,λ1=762.6 nm,λ2=559.09 nm,λ3=772.78 nm,建立了悬浮泥沙质量浓度定量遥感反演模式,该模式的均方根误差为4.67 mg/L,可以用于珠江口海域的悬浮泥沙质量浓度的遥感监测。     

哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段-角砾岩段沉积模式探讨

塔北的哈拉哈塘地区是东河砂岩油气勘探的重点地区,该地区目前已发现并探明了东河塘和哈得4两个东河砂岩油气藏,油气储量丰富,显示出良好的勘探前景。基于哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段和角砾岩段的岩性段穿时沉积现象异常明显,根据层序地层学原理和方法对哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段一角砾岩段进行了重新分层和对比,在层序分层等时地层框架的基础上重新进行了东河砂岩段一角砾岩段沉积模式研究,弄清该地区地层分布规律、演化规律、砂体分布及储层分布规律对该地区的油气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

黄河入海口冲积平原覆盖区近地表岩土特性与识别方法

黄河三角洲冲积平原区近地表岩性变化剧烈,重点从黄河三角洲浅层沉积模式分析了岩性分布差异,统计了不同岩土的塑性、应力、压缩特性规律,探索了利用这种岩性特征差异识别岩性的方法,为地震采集提供准确的激发层段,为地震资料处理提供精细的静校正量。     

珠江口八大口门径、潮作用动力过程研究

根据2006—2007年期间在珠江口八大口门进行的丰水期大、中、小潮3个航次、平水期和枯水期各1个航次的全潮同步水文观测资料,分析了八大口门的潮流特性、涨落潮通量等特征,并建立了逐时潮差与流量的相关关系。在丰水期小潮期间,八大口门受强热带风暴"碧利斯"带来的强降雨的影响,潮流特性、断面流量等水文特征出现较大的变化,逐时潮差与流量的相关关系与其他航次相比表现出不同的规律。在无强径流影响下,逐时潮差与流量的相关关系用线性方程拟合,相关性较好;但在强径流影响下,则采用二次多项式拟合较为合适,且拟合曲线的左右侧表现出涨、落潮过程的区别。     

石油污染对黄河口沉积物工程性质的影响

对黄河口胜利油田某油井附近沉积物进行石油污染状况调查研究,采用坑探试验现场调查污染范围,发现油井沉积物在一定范围内存在石油污染,污染多在0.2～1.5 m深度内,水平距离在140～440 m之间.原位测试污染沉积物强度,取样进行室内石油浓度和沉积物物理力学指标测试.石油污染沉积物物理力学性质与未污染的有较大差别,污染后沉积物的重度、渗透系数和强度等均有所降低.污染后的沉积物结构,多成块状和板状结构.