基于非线性破坏准则的边坡稳定性极限分析

上限定理是求解岩土工程问题的有效工具。以上限定理为理论基础,分析边坡的稳定性问题,并考虑了岩土材料破坏准则的非线性特性。在非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下,采用条分法与极限分析上限法相结合的方法,对边坡稳定性进行分析。通过切线法引入非线性强度参数 、 ,推导了岩土材料在非线性破坏准则下的相关联流动法则,建立功能方程,推导了边坡直线滑裂面、折线滑裂面和光滑曲线滑裂面安全系数F的计算方程。采用数学规划法计算后与工程实际中常用的边坡稳定性分析方法进行对比,并获得安全系数F =1.0时的稳定性系数Ns。与已有的研究成果进行比较分析,结果表明了该方法的正确性及优越性     

三峡库区巫山县望霞乡廖家坪高陡斜坡失稳机制研究

廖家坪高陡斜坡详细勘查结果表明廖家坪坡体上分布有7层软弱层,发育有两组高倾角节理,相互垂直,形成众多危岩体岩柱.上部软弱层为蠕滑层,悬崖壁存在的众多危岩体及岩柱以软弱层为基底.根据平推式滑坡的变形失稳机理分析,计算其起动临界水头高度,认为该斜坡上部坡体平推式滑动的可能性较小.根据工程地质类比法认为由于基础风化压缩,也可造成硬岩拉张,形成次生倾倒破坏;采用离散元分析验证了廖家坪高陡斜坡倾倒破坏演化过程,模拟结果与野外调查的变形破坏现象完全一致,表明该高陡斜坡的变形破坏机制为倾倒失稳模式.这一破坏模式的判定为廖家坪高陡斜坡的稳定性分析和防治提供了重要依据.     

桥基岸坡变形破坏机制物理模拟研究

结合某大桥桥基岸坡地质条件,采用相似原理为基础的底摩擦试验方法,定性模拟分析了在天然状态和加载条件下岸坡岩体的变形破坏过程和模式。试验结果表明：在天然状态下,左右岸岸坡岩体处于稳定状态;在加载条件下,左岸岸坡岩体稳定,右岸发育的错落体失稳,而导致整个岸坡不稳定,建议对其进行预加固或改变桥墩位置     

An extended finite volume method and fixed-stress approach for modeling fluid injection–induced tensile opening in fractured reservoirs

Fluid injection–induced tensile opening is modeled using an extended finite volume method (XFVM). An embedded fracture strategy is used for the flow problem, that is, the fractures are discretized using finite volume segments without resolving the grid around them. Further, the discontinuities across fractures are modeled using special basis functions. The fracture openings due to enhanced fluid pressure and the associated shear slip due to traction free boundary condition on the fracture segments are both modeled using these special discontinuity basis functions. Mass transfer between fractures and matrix is modeled using the pressure difference. The enhancement of fracture storativity due to tensile opening leads to stronger coupling between flow and mechanics. An iterative scheme relying on the fixed-stress approach for fractures, which conserves the stress dependent terms over each iteration of the flow problem, has been introduced. Tensile opening has been simulated for single fractures embedded in two- and three-dimensional matrices. The convergence criterion for sequentially implicit fixed-stress scheme for fractures embedded in elastic media is established and has been validated numerically. Further, for 2D simulations, the effect of the matrix permeability for fracture propagation due to tensile opening has been studied.     

Updated normalized load-settlement model for full-scale footings on granular soils

The design of spread footings on granular soils is generally governed by serviceability requirements. Recent studies have utilized databases of load tests to investigate the use of normalized load-settlement curves to model the behavior of footings on sands. A major limitation of available databases is that they are based primarily on data from plate load tests or footings that have an equivalent width smaller than 1.0 m. There is a need to confirm the applicability of these curves to footings of practical scale. The main objective of this paper is to update available normalized load-settlement curves using point measurements of settlement and load from full-scale footings. Bayesian techniques are employed in the updating process. Results indicate that the updated normalized load-settlement relationship is slightly more conservative but less uncertain than the current relationship. Results from an illustrative example involving serviceability limit state reliability analyses using footings with widths ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 m indicated that the updated relationship resulted in a slightly higher reliability level compared to the prior relationship.     

40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos Maar,Cameroon

The waters of Lake Nyos are impounded by a fragile natural dam composed of pyroclastic rocks ejected during the formation of the lake crater (maar). Lateral erosion of this dam has reduced its width from over 500 m to only 45 m. Published whole-rock K-Ar ages of about 100 ka on juvenile basalt from the dam suggests that erosion has been slow and that the dam poses no imminent threat. New apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 1.4 to 232 Ma on xenocrystic K-feldspar contained in the basalt show that the xenocrysts, whose source is the 528-Ma crystalline basement, are carriers of inherited radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar and would cause the whole-rock K-Ar ages to be too old. The best estimate for the age of the maar is provided by a ¹⁴C age of 400 ± 100 yr BP on charcoal from the base of the dam. This young age indicates that the dam is eroding at a relatively rapid rate; its failure, perhaps within a few decades, would result in a major flood and imperil thousands of people living downstream in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.     

金川软岩蠕变破坏机理电镜实验研究

为探讨金川矿岩石蠕变破坏机理,应用微观扫描电镜(SEM)对蠕变受力情况下岩石破坏断口微观形态进行了观察研究,并分析了其产生的微观破坏机制。结果表明:岩石蠕变断裂的微观机制主要是拉伸、剪切作用下岩石发生脆性断裂,从岩石断裂微观形态研究岩石蠕变断裂,可以更好的揭示岩石断口微观形貌特征、裂纹生核、扩展、及断裂方式与岩石蠕变演进过程的联系。     

滑坡次生灾害损失评估方法研究

针对目前滑坡灾害破坏损失评估研究还没有涉及滑坡次生灾害破坏损失评估方面的研究,提出并建立了滑坡次生灾害破坏损失的评估模型与方法。应用故障树分析法（FTA）和事件树分析法（ETA）相结合的因果图方法对滑坡次生灾害作可靠性分析,由此对滑坡次生灾害损失进行了预测及评估。     

动载下3条断续裂隙岩样的裂缝贯通机制

采用含3条断续预制裂隙的类砂岩模型试样进行单轴动力加载试验,对不同裂隙空间位置条件下断续裂隙岩体中裂隙的贯通机制进行了研究。静、动荷载下的对比研究成果显示：不同空间位置的裂隙贯通方式存在较大差异,且对动载的响应不同;动载下分支裂纹扩展及贯通具有惯性效应,即动载下裂尖次生共面、次生倾斜裂纹起裂后易朝原起裂方向快速发展,动载下易在两预制裂隙内端部产生直接贯通。这与静载下岩桥处的贯通常通过分支裂纹拐折扩展、相连不同,这也是导致裂隙试样中低应变速率下强度增大（即速率效应）的主要原因。同时,试验结果也表明：含裂隙试样静、动荷载下裂隙间的多次贯通是导致其呈现出渐进破坏特征的主要原因。