Statistical fraud detection in a commercial lobster fishery

In this study we introduce the first step towards a statistical model for the reliability of fisheries data. We applied Benford's Law to catch data from the Atlantic Canadian lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery's lobster fishery areas (LFAs) 33 and 34 and compared our results to those using observations from the “grey zone” (a highly regulated lobster fishery shared by Canada and United States) and a fishery with a different regulatory regime (snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio). Non‐conformity with Benford's Law is often considered as an indicator of human manipulation of accounting data. We found that observations from the grey zone conformed to the distribution predicted by Benford's Law, whereas observations from snow crab and both lobster fishery areas did not conform.     

东北亚共同体视阈下辽宁海洋经济高质量发展的法治化路径研究

2013年我国首次向全世界提出人类命运共同体理念,在全球范围内积极倡导人类命运共同体的构建。东北亚共同体是人类命运共同体的组成部分,是中国打造周边命运共同体的重要助力,同时为辽宁海洋经济的发展带来了机遇和挑战。文章通过分析辽宁海洋经济发展现状,梳理辽宁海洋经济发展的相关法律和政策,发现辽宁海洋经济要实现高质量发展还存在海洋经济供给侧结构性改革、海洋环境综合治理、海洋经济协同发展合作等方面的法律和政策缺失,应当加强海洋经济供给侧结构性改革的立法和政策保障,加快海洋经济协同发展合作和海洋环境综合治理的区域性法律与政策的制定,促进东北亚海洋经济协同发展,共同打造东北亚命运共同体。     

南极地区大陆架划界引发的法律制度碰撞

自《南极条约》1961年生效以来,南极地区一直处于以《南极条约》为核心的南极条约体系的约束之下.1982年《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)建立了大陆架制度,要求沿海国应在批准《公约》生效10年内完成200海里以外大陆架外部界限的划定①.1994年《公约》生效后,澳大利亚、挪威、阿根廷和英国在提交各国200海里以...     

Water tank and numerical model studies of flow over steep smooth two-dimensional hills

The present work investigates the role of different treatments of the lower boundary condition on the numerical prediction of flows over two-dimensional, smooth, steep hills. Four different law of the wall formulations are tested when a large recirculating region is formed on the lee side of the hill. Numerical implementation of the near-wall functions was made through a finite elements code. The standard κ–ε model was used to close the averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Results are validated through original data obtained in a water tank. Measurements resorted to laser Doppler anemometry. The experiment provide detailed data for the characterization of the reverse flow in the region between the separation and the reattachment points, with emphasis on the near wall region. The experimental wall shear stress distribution is compared with the results provided by the different laws of the wall showing good agreement. The numerical predictions are shown to vary markedly between different formulations.     

Wet removal of highly soluble gases

Partition, not kinetics, ultimately determines the concentration of highly soluble gases in cloud droplets. Partition equations are formulated and applied to idealized air-mass thunderclouds and precipitating stratus. Contribution to aqueous concentrations from sub-cloud scavenging of highly soluble gases is estimated at between 10 and 20% under relatively unpolluted conditions. Data indicate that evaporation can produce enhancements in concentration of as much as a factor of 3. The calculations give large-scale mean coefficients of wet removal of highly soluble gases of about 2.8×10^-6 s^-1 (4-day residence time) for air-mass thunderclouds and precipitating stratus. Removal is so effective that the mean scale heights of these gases should be decreased to 2 km or less. The criterion of high solubility in this paper is that K ^H (Henry's Law coefficient) > 10⁵ mol l^-1 atm^-1. Gases that are effectively highly soluble include HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, H₂O₂, NH₃ in acid droplets, SO₂ in oxidizing droplets (and probably some light amines and sulfonic acids), but not SO₂ in the absence of oxidants, nor HCHO. A variation of removal coefficient and scale height with solubility is presented. A comparison of atmospheric NH₃ concentrations deduced from rain NH₄ ⁺ and measured directly gives reasonable agreement.     

平度市国土资源局全面推进“双保”行动的探索

为应对国际金融危机,平度市国土资源局积极响应国土资源部在全国范围内部署开展的＂保增长、保红线＂双保行动,立足部门职能,扎实工作,加强和改善土地宏观调控新机制,有效保障扩大内需,保障重点项目用地,促进经济平稳较快发展。     

国内外城市规划实施管理比较研究

通过对比分析美国、英国、德国和我国的城市规划实施管理制度,了解到西方发达国家城市规划具有规划设计可实施性和法律权威性强、实施管理程序简洁高效、城市规划调整程序严谨等优点,但在充分发挥建筑师的创造性、引导和促进城市开发建设等方面存在一定的局限性.我们应该认真吸取他们的成功经验,以期为推进我国规划实施管理制度改革与创新提供有益的借鉴.     

中德海洋空间规划法律体系建设及启示

文章针对中国海洋空间规划涉及的法律、行政法规和地方法规,以及德国海洋空间规划相关领域法律法规进行梳理。在核心法律、立法体系层次、涉及海域、与陆地空间规划的联系4个方面对两国海洋空间规划法律体系进行异同分析,探讨我国未来可行的海洋空间规划法制建设方向。提出推动海洋空间规划专项立法,规范地方立法建设,重视专属经济区与大陆架空间规划,有机结合陆海空间规划等建议。同时展望了我国和世界海洋空间规划法律体系的建设趋势。     

城市浅水型湖泊底泥释磷的通量估算--以南京玄武湖为例

以南京玄武湖为研究对象,通过静态条件下5℃、10℃、15℃、25℃、35℃玄武湖底泥释磷室内实验计算玄武湖释磷速率,得出底泥释磷速率与上覆水温度的关系,进而算出玄武湖北湖每年磷释放量为0．815 t,东南湖每年磷释放量为 1．013t,西南湖每年磷释放量为0．266t．玄武湖每年底泥释磷总量为2．094 t．根据费克定理,建立了间隙水扩散模型,利用模型计算玄武湖北湖每年磷释放量为0．799 t,东南湖每年磷释放量为0．983 t,西南湖每年磷释放量为0．232 t．玄武湖每年底泥释磷总量为2．014t．在不考虑外源污染的情况下,由底泥磷释放造成的内源污染使玄武湖磷浓度年均维持在 0．101 mg/L,超过湖泊富营养化磷标准,因此,在切断外源污染的情况下应采取措施治理磷的内源污染．     

新《环境保护法》下湿地保护的立法思考——基于江苏省湿地保护立法现状的分析

江苏省湿地资源丰富,湿地种类多样,分布广泛,但面临着严重的污染和破坏,且湿地立法相对分散,没有形成完整的湿地保护法律体系。《环境保护法》的修订,特别是生态红线、按日计罚、生态补偿、公益诉讼等制度设计,为江苏省湿地保护立法提供了强有力的制度支撑。在此情形下,制定"江苏省湿地保护条例"显得十分必要。