引入模型误差的非线性回归模型

在第一类非线性回归模型中,经常出现病态问题,它严重影响计算结果的精度。提出了一种引入模型误差求解部分参数的方法,这种方法可以改变病态性质,提高对部分参数的求解精度。通过算例来检验这种方法的可行性并探讨它的使用范围。     

一种确定岭估计参数的方法

岭估计是从减小均方误差的角度出发而提出的一种有偏估计方法,但是如何确定岭参数目前没有一个公认的良好方法。提出了一种如何确定岭参数的方法,并用算例验证这种方法的可行性。     

高精度海洋重力仪系统误差建模研究

导出高精度海洋重力仪系统的速度控制方程、角速度控制方程和纬度控制方程。以高精度海洋重力仪系统中平台的横倾角、纵倾角、运载体的东向速度误差、北向速度误差和运载体的纬度误差为变量,导出高精度海洋重力仪系统误差模型,并进行了系统误差仿真实验.理论分析和仿真实验表明:高精度海洋重力仪的系统误差形成过程分为误差积累、误差衰减和误差稳定三个阶段;0~1800 s是系统误差积累阶段,最大系统误差约为3.0×10-6m/s2;由于水平阻尼网络的作用,从1800~3000 s是仪系统误差衰减阶段;3000 s以后,系统误差进入稳定阶段,仿真4000 s时,系统误差约为2.246×10-6m/s2。     

海底载流管道轴对称波频散特性分析

海底载流管道是典型的土-固-液三相耦合问题.利用Flügge壳体运动方程,结合弹性动力学方程,建立海底载流管道轴对称运动时的频散方程,分析自由振动波的性质及其随频率变化的规律.结果表明管道周围的土壤介质对其自由振动波的传播特性影响显著,而土壤介质刚度的增大使得自由振动波的截止频率随之增加.     

基于第三代浅水波浪模型的海区泥沙骤淤数值预报及工程应用

在简要介绍现有近岸波浪数值模型的基础上,对应用了最新波浪研究成果、适用于海岸、湖泊和河口地区的第三代浅水波浪数值预报模型的研究和应用进行了详细论述。通过该模型数值计算得到黄程山局部区域不同风向的有效波高分布,将模型与海区泥沙骤淤机理相结合,进而得到整个区域平均含沙量的分布,并数值预报近岸区域骤淤量随时间的变化,研究成果可为海区大风浪情况下骤淤预报提供理论指导,本文最后讨论了泥沙骤淤计算模型未来发展的趋势。     

Shakedown limit of elastic–plastic offshore structures under cyclic wave loading

This paper uses theorem of shakedown to assess the shakedown limit of elastic–plastic offshore structures. For this aim, an envelope of elastic response of the structure to cyclic loading cases is required. The shakedown limit is basically a valid collapse mechanism and can be quantified using yield line analysis. In this work, Melan theorem of shakedown (lower bound) is employed. Requiring simple elastic envelope and the domain defining yield lines only are the advantages of the Melan theorem. The shakedown analysis can be conducted by the finite element method (FEM), which is the main body of this paper. In order to evaluate the method of this paper, which is in fact combining the Melan theorem and the FEM, two steel offshore frames are analyzed using the proposed method and the results obtained are compared with the results of classical non-linear analysis method.     

A numerical study of swash flows generated by bores

The dynamic processes of bore propagation over a uniform slope are studied numerically using a 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, coupled to a non-linear k − ε turbulence closure and a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The dam-break mechanism is used to generate bores in a constant depth region. Present numerical results for the ensemble-averaged flow field are compared with existing experimental data as well as theoretical and numerical results based on non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations. Reasonable agreement between the present numerical solutions and experimental data is observed. Using the numerical results, small-scale bore behaviors and flow features, such as the bore collapse process near the still-water shoreline, the ‘mini-collapse’ during the runup phase and the ‘back-wash bore’ in the down-rush phase, are described. In the case of a strong bore, the evolution of the averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) over the swash zone consists of two phases: in the region near the still-water shoreline, the production and the dissipation of TKE are roughly in balance; in the region farther landwards of the still-water shoreline, the TKE decay rate is very close to that of homogeneous grid turbulence. On the other hand, in the case of a weak bore, the bore collapse generated turbulence is confined near the bottom boundary layer and the TKE decays at a much slower rate.     

Hyperbolic Mild Slope Equations with Inclusion of Amplitude Dispersion Effect： Regular Waves

A new form of hyperbolic mild slope equations is derived with the inclusion of the amphtude dispersion of nonlinear waves. The effects of including the amplitude dispersion effect on the wave propagation are discussed. Wave breaking mechanism is incorporated into the present model to apply the new equations to surf zone. The equations are solved nu- merically for regular wave propagation over a shoal and in surf zone, and a comparison is made against measurements. It is found that the inclusion of the amplitude dispersion can also improve model＇ s performance on prediction of wave heights around breaking point for the wave motions in surf zone.     

Mapping of an approximate neutral density surface with Ungridded data

A neutral density surface is a logical study frame for water-mass mixing since water parcels spread along such a surface without doing work against buoyancy restoring force. Mesoscale eddies are believed to stir and subsequently mix predominantly along such surfaces. Because of the nonlinear nature of the equation of state of seawater, the process of accurately mapping a neutral density surface necessarily involves lateral computation from one conductivity, temperature and depth （CTD） cast to the next in a logical sequence. By contrast, the depth of a potential density surface on any CTD cast is found solely from the data on this cast. The lateral calculation procedure causes a significant inconvenience. In a previous paper by present author published in this journal （You, 2006）, the mapping of neutral density surfaces with regularly gridded data such as Levitus data has been introduced. In this note, I present a new method to find the depth of a neutral density surface from a cast without having to specify an integration path in space. An appropriate reference point is required that is on the neutral density surface and thereafter the neutral density surface can be determined by using the CTD casts in any order. This method is only approximate and the likely errors can be estimated by plotting a scatter diagram of all the pressures and potential temperatures on the neutral density surfaces. The method assumes that the variations of potential temperature and pressure （with respect to the values at the reference point） on the neutral density surface are proportional It is important to select the most appropriate reference point in order to approximately satisfy this assumption, and in practice this is found by inspecting the θ-p plot of data on the surface. This may require that the algorithm be used twice. When the straight lines on the θ-p plot, drawn from the reference point to other points on the neutral density surface, enclose an area that is external to the cluster of θ-p points of the neutral density surface, errors will occur, and these errors can be quantified from this diagram. Examples showing the use of the method are presented for each of the world＇s main oceans.     

Shear effects in shakedown analysis of offshore structures

In this paper, a formulation for shakedown analysis of elastic-plastic offshore structures under cyclic wave loading is presented. In this formulation, a fast numerical solution method is used, suitable for the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of large offshore structures on which shear effects in addition to bending and axial effects are taken into account. The Morison equation is adopted for converting the velocity and acceleration terms into resultant forces and it is extended to consider arbitrary orientations of the structural members. The theoretical methods of the shakedown analysis are discussed in detail and the formulation is applied to an offshore structure to verify the concept employed and its analytical capabilities.