农牧交错带边界判定方法的研究进展

农牧交错带是我国传统农业区域与牧业区域相交汇的地带, 是我国生态环境的一条过渡带和生态安全的 重要屏障, 为此国内外学者对农牧交错带做了大量的研究, 但是迄今为止对于农牧交错带边界的认识尚未达成共 识。不同学者划分方法不一, 划分标准和指标不一致, 导致划分的农牧交错带在空间上差异很大, 因此有必要对农 牧交错带的边界做进一步的研究。农牧交错带的分布主要受降水等自然因素的限制, 但也与人类对土地利用的方 式密切相关, 因此它更是作为一种土地利用/土地覆被现状存在的。本文在总结以前农牧交错带边界判定研究中主 要用到的方法及存在不足的基础上, 建议从土地利用的角度考虑农牧交错带, 并就边界确定的研究方法做了探讨。     

近30 a内蒙古阿拉善盟不同生态系统土地利用动态遥感监测

 利用遥感和GIS空间分析技术,以近30 a内蒙古阿拉善盟两期 Landsat MSS/TM遥感数据为主要信息源,通过目视解译方法提取了农田、林地、草地、水体与湿地、建设用地、荒漠等6种生态系统的25类土地利用现状数据,在此基础上进行了土地利用的动态变化分析。结果表明：近年荒漠生态系统用地达85.59%,其次是草地生态系统用地,占12.76%;近30 a土地利用变化最明显的特征是农田、林地、水域与湿地及建设用地增加80 263 hm²,占总土地面积的0.34%,草地和荒漠生态系统用地减少相应面积,总体土地利用相对变化量不大,仅为0.68%。     

Thinking outside the framework: equitable research partnerships for environmental research in Australia

Many environmental science research programmes now adopt community-based philosophies and designs, although there are few applications in Australian Indigenous communities. This research describes the development and testing of a framework of engagement to guide collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians during an environmental sciences research project. That project aimed to assess trepang (sea cucumber) stocks in Aboriginal waters, and determine the commercial harvest potential of the resource to local people. Its objectives were to undertake trepang survey and mapping, integrate Indigenous knowledge about the resource, and model the existing catch data of commercial fishers operating in the region. The framework of engagement developed to guide the research process comprised a goal, research stages, and a number of guiding principles for collaboration, which were constructed from content analysis of available guidelines and literature and from data gathered during expert interviews. Further data were gathered using participant observation, while implementing the trepang research in accordance with this framework of engagement, and these data were analysed to test and evaluate the framework. Findings indicate discursive and reflective approaches such as action research or adaptive management may better facilitate equitable research partnerships for sustainable development.     

Do free-ranging domestic goats show ‘landscapes of fear’? Patch use in response to habitat features and predator cues

One factor that influences foraging is predation risk. As a result, herbivores may not use landscapes uniformly due to spatial differences in perceived predation risk. Wild herbivores forage across these ‘landscapes of fear’; however, the extent to which domestic herbivores consider them is generally unknown. Using a grid of artificial food patches and measuring giving up densities (GUDs), we mapped landscapes of fear of free-ranging domestic goats on three substrates. In the first experiment, we related GUDs to landscape variables. Goats preferred feeding in open ground with firm substrate compared to a sandy riverbed or a rocky hillside. We suggest that differences relate to escape potential and the occurrence of ambush sites. Landscape variables that influenced feeding effort were patch visibility and plants next to a patch. In a second experiment, we increased predation risk by adding predator dung and urine into the habitats. In response, feeding effort declined across all three habitats. Furthermore, goats only responded to patch visibility and not plants next to the patches. Better sightlines increase predator detection and allow individuals to see group members. Our results indicate that predation risk influences the extent to which free-ranging domestic herbivores utilise landscapes.     

Land-cover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: A spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors

This article develops a spatial analysis applied to examine the main driving forces of land-cover and land-use (LCLU) change in a Mediterranean region. Three different tools have been used in order to differentiate LCLU changes, driving forces and landscape dynamics. LCLU changes have been quantified with remote sensing techniques, driving forces have been analysed with multiple logistic regressions combining biophysical and human variables, whereas landscape dynamics have been quantified using different metrics. Results show the intensification of subsidised herbaceous crops on the coastal agricultural plain, the abandonment of olive trees and vineyards in the transitional area and forest restoration in the mountainous subregion.     

The impact of land use change on quality evolution of soil genetic layers on the coastal plain of south Hangzhou Bay

Land use change plays an important part in the studies of global environmental change and regional sustainable development. The change of soil quality can particularly reflect the impacts of human socio-economic activities on environment. Taking the coastal plain of south Hangzhou Bay as a study case, we analyzed the effects of land use changes on organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), total salinity (TS), pH value in soil genetic layers, and assessed soil quality change related to different land use types from 1982 to 2003. The results show that: (1) The general change tendency of soil quality in the coastal plain of south Hangzhou Bay declined obviously in A layer and slightly rise in B (or P) layer and C (or W) layer. The contents of TP decreased generally in all soil genetic layers, but the variety difference of other soil quality indices was relatively great. (2) The change of soil quality in the areas where land use changed is far more remarkable than that with land use unchanged. The value of quality variety is A layer >B (or P) layer >C (or W) layer. (3) The changes of soil tillage, cultivation, fertilization, irrigation and drainage activities related to land use may make some soil-forming processes disappeared and bring in other new processes which will affect the soil quality and soil genetic layers directly.     

土地利用变化对土地生产力的影响研究进展

土地利用变化对土地生产力的影响是土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)效应研究的重要内容之一。本文基于对土地利用变化和土地生产力概念的辨析, 着重从土地利用变化对土地生产潜力、粮食生产能力和土壤质量3 个方面的影响, 总结梳理了当前的主要研究内容和方法, 探讨了研究的影响尺度特征。最后指出今后的研究应加强土地利用结构、方式和强度变化对小尺度范围内耕地生产力的影响, 强化不同尺度的综合以及空间分析和动态评估方法的应用。     

广东省矿泉水的基本特征及开发利用建议

广东省矿泉水资源丰富,形成条件好。文章搜集了广东省矿泉水现状以及开发方面的各项数据信息,通过整理比对,发现广东省矿泉水具有分布范围广、分布与地质构造的走向大体一致、品种全、储量丰富以及补给条件好的基本特征;分析了开发利用中存在的问题：水源地污染、开发力度有待加强以及市场指导力度弱。再借鉴国内外矿泉水开发利用的经验,对广东省矿泉水开发利用提出了合理布点、加强矿泉水资源保护、适当加大开发力度与科学规划矿泉水市场的建议,并认为应使矿泉水产品多样化、系列化,联合旅游业,扩大消费领域,使广东省矿泉水资源更好地服务于民。     

基于面向对象分类技术的沈阳市土地利用动态变化研究

基于RS和GIS技术,采用面向对象分类技术,根据沈阳市的实际情况,建立土地利用类型解译标志,利用多尺度分割方法进行影像分割,然后利用决策树法和最近邻的分类方法,建立分类规则,提取区域土地利用信息,得到该区域的两期土地利用/土地覆被数据,并对研究区的土地利用动态变化及引起这种变化的驱动力进行分析.研究中所采用的面向对象的分类方法在地表景观信息提取中充分利用了地物的光谱信息、纹理特征等特征,最大程度上克服由于不同地物光谱信息相似、相同地物光谱信息不同而造成的混分现象.     

Time series analysis of the world's longest fluvial nitrate record: evidence for changing states of catchment saturation

Processes that drive the occurrence of nitrate concentrations in surface waters are known to operate over many decades longer than the available observations. This study considers the world's longest water quality record of nitrate concentrations in the River Thames (1868–2009) in order to understand whether the nature of the time series has changed with time and such external drivers as climate change and land use of hydrology. The study considers the linear trend, the seasonality, the memory and the impulsivity relative to river flow of the time series for moving windows of 6 years in length. The study can show that:

相似文献