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51.
青藏高原北缘哈拉湖近800年来 湖泊沉积及其环境意义* 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5
文章以青藏高原北缘高山祁连山湖泊——哈拉湖作为研究对象,利用放射性核素210 Pb和137 Cs测年资料,通过对此高海拔湖泊沉积碳酸盐氧碳同位素、碳酸盐含量、总有机碳含量、磁化率等环境代用指标的分析,揭示了这一地区近800年来的气候环境变化过程。分析表明哈拉湖记录的气候环境变化经历了3个阶段:1206~1700A.D.环境较为寒冷、湿润,并有持续变湿的趋势;1700~1920A.D.环境由冷湿的状况趋向温暖干旱,1771年之后,环境保持相对稳定;1920~2002A.D.是自1206年以来最为温暖干旱的阶段。 相似文献
52.
山东荣成市成山头南侧发育了一条沙坝和一系列的湖 ,组成成山卫湖链 ,以面积最大的天鹅湖有关资料为主 ,运用粒度分析、软体动物鉴定、14 C测年等方法 ,对So5 ,Sh5 ,Sh1和Sh6孔岩心进行分析 ,揭示了该湖链的形成过程 :距今 70 0 0a左右 ,海水开始入侵 ,形成了荣成湾 ,距今 6 0 0 0a左右 ,沙坝和坝内的一系列半封闭湖形成 .根据沙坝层理的观测资料分析了湖形成后自然作用下的演化动态 ,并指出近年来由于人类活动加剧 ,严重影响了湖的演化过程 相似文献
53.
The Malter Reservoir is situated about 30 km south of Dresden (eastern Germany) in a historical mining area of the eastern
Erzgebirge. It was built in 1913 for the protection from floodwaters, droughts and for generating electricity. The river Rote
Wei?eritz is the main source of clastic input into the lake. Geochemical and sedimentological data of gravity-and piston-cores,
recovered from the deepest point of the lake, document the environmental history of the drainage area since 1963. 137Cs dating gives an average sedimentation rate of ∼2.9 cm/year. Within the whole core, heavy metals are strongly enriched (parentheses
refer to enrichment factors as compared with average shale): cadmium (290), silver (140), bismuth (90), antimony (25), lead
(21), zinc (14), tin (13), uranium (9), tungsten (9), molybdenum (5), copper (4), thallium (3) and chromium (2). Enrichments
are detectable for the whole registered time-period of 81 years. Peaks of up to 27 mg/kg silver, 37 mg/kg bismuth, 91 mg/kg
cadmium, 410 mg/kg chromium, 240 mg/kg copper, 20 mg/kg molybdenum, 14000 mg/kg phosphorus, 740 mg/kg lead, 6,5 mg/kg antimony,
74 mg/kg tin, 52 mg/kg tungsten and 1900 mg/kg zinc reflect local events caused by human impact. Inputs from different pollution
sources at different times are represented by highly variable elemental concentrations and ratios within the core. High pH
values within the water and the sediment column, the large adsorption capacity of the fine-grained Corg.-rich sediment, and the presence of low Eh-values and sulphide ions in the sediment prevent the remobilisation of the toxic
elements. Erosion of these contaminated sediments during floods, channel flows or resuspension during removal of the sediments
may lead to a downstream transfer of pollutants. Contents of P and Corg., as well as diatom abundance, indicate a change from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions in the lake during ∼1940–1950.
This was mainly caused by high agricultural activity in the drainage area. Reduced contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr since the
reunification of East and West Germany are obviously caused by increasing environmental protection measures, such as wastewater
purification and especially the closing of contaminating industries.
Revision received: 23 September 1999 · Accepted: 17 December 1999 相似文献
54.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using Landsat TM data to retrieve leaf area index (LAI). To get a LAI retrieval model based ground reflectance and vegetation index, detailed field data were collected in the study area of eastern China, dominated by bamboo, tea plant and greengage. Plant canopy reflectance of Landsat TM wavelength bands has been inversed using software of 6S. LAI is an important ecological parameter. In this paper, atmospheric corrected Landsat TM imagery was utilized to calculate different vegetation indices (VI), such as simple ratio vegetation index (SR), shortwave infrared modified simple ratio (MSR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data of 53 samples of LAI were measured by LAI-2000 (LI-COR) in the study area. LAI was modeled based on different reflectances of bands and different vegetation indices from Landsat TM and LAI samples data. There are certainly correlations between LAI and the reflectance of Tm3, TM4, TM5 and TM7. The best model through analyzing the results is LAI = 1.2097*MSR + 0.4741 using the method of regression analysis. The result shows that the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.5157, and average accuracy is 85.75%. However, whether the model of this paper is suitable for application in subtropics needs to be verified in the future. 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
为提升太湖缓冲带林带的生态功能,减少入湖污染负荷,采用人工草坪替代林下杂草的方式,建立林草复合带.选取白三叶(Trifolium repens)、红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)、麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)、马蹄金(Dichondra erpens)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)5种草坪,在典型缓冲带林地按间距25 cm统一移栽种植.采用定位监测的方法分析草坪的生长特征与发展趋势.结果表明:2011-2014年期间,除狗牙根无法形成稳定的种群被杂草取代外,其他4种草坪均能正常生长,并形成优势种群;4种草坪中,以麦冬和马蹄金生长状况最好,生物量、盖度、均一性和青绿期综合指标等级较高,其次是白三叶;红花酢浆草种群不稳定,受水热的影响大. 相似文献
58.
59.
苦海汞矿床是位于东昆仑造山带南带东段上的大型含金汞矿床。围岩为一套滨海-浅海相富含碳质碳酸盐(石英砂岩)建造。矿体受地层和构造联合控制,一般产在褶皱的层间剥离裂隙、构造裂隙及节理中,或产于褶皱翼部的断裂破碎带内。矿床成矿流体以建造水和大气降水为主,并可能有岩浆热液的加入。成矿流体盐度(w(NaCl))为1.90%~5.70%,密度为0.78~0.97 g/cm3;流体包裹体均一温度为118.8~291.6 ℃;成矿压力约43.24 MPa,成矿深度为4.56 km。研究表明,该区下二叠统含碳地层提供了主要的成矿物质,晚三叠世受构造造山作用及相应的岩浆侵入所驱动的热液流体活化了矿质,并迁移至褶皱带层间剥离裂隙等部位沉淀成矿。总体上,该矿床为一受构造和地层联合控制的中偏低温热液矿床,相当于造山型金矿系列的浅成矿床。 相似文献
60.
Lake Bosumtwi is one of the most widely studied palaeoclimate archives in West Africa. Results from numerous AMS 14C dates of samples from four piston cores from Lake Bosumtwi show that an abrupt sedimentary transition from a mid-Holocene sapropel to calcareous laminated muds occurred at about 3200 cal yr B.P. High-resolution analyses of the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter across this transition confirm its abrupt nature, and suggest that the change may signal a step toward increased aridity and intensified surface winds that affected western equatorial Africa from Ghana to the Congo basin. Northern and Eastern Africa experienced a similar abrupt shift toward aridity during the late Holocene, but at about 5000 cal yr B.P., a difference in timing that illustrates the regional nature of climate changes during the Holocene and the importance of feedback mechanisms in regulating Holocene climate variability. Furthermore, an abrupt change at about 3000 cal yr B.P. occurs at several sites adjacent to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, which may hint at major changes in the surface temperatures of the tropical Atlantic and/or Pacific at this time. 相似文献