Transport simulation of sorptive contaminants considering sediment-associated processes

Sediment-associated processes, such as sediment erosion, deposition, and pore water diffusion/advection affect sorptive contaminant transport. By considering these processes, we developed an equation to simulate contaminant transport. Erosion and deposition processes are considered as erosion and deposition fluxes of sediment, and adsorption-desorption processes of contaminants by sediment are simulated using the Langmuir Equation. Pore water diffusion is calculated based on the contaminant concentration gradient across the sediment-water interface. Pore water advection is estimated using pore water contained in the sediments of erosion flux. The equation is validated to simulate total phosphorus concentrations in Guanhe estuary in the northern Jiangsu, China. The simulated total phosphorus concentrations show better agreement with field observations compared to estimations that do consider sediment-associated processes.     

基于全站仪工程控制测量的三维间接平差法

目前,利用高精度全站仪三维坐标测量功能建立三维工程控制网已成为一种趋势。针对这一问题的观测数据处理,提出了一种考虑平面观测数据和高程观测数据二者间整体性的三维间接平差方法,详细推导了水平角误差方程,天项距误差方程,斜距误差方程等关键步骤,较之已有的方法,严密性和实用性更强,具有一定的参考价值。     

圆透视曲线类型及相对视点画面的位置的分析

圆曲线的透视根据圆曲线相对视点、画面的位置不同,可以有五种结果,分别为直线、圆、椭圆、双曲线、抛物线     

双复杂条件下的波动方程叠前深度偏移

复杂地表条件下的地震勘探越来越被人们所关注.双复杂条件下的叠前深度偏移方法是解决复杂地表条件和复杂地质构造成像的有效手段."波场上延"法能实现由非水平观测界面开始的偏移过程,解决复杂地表对地下构造成像的影响.复杂理论模型的试算以及实际资料处理表明,"波场上延"方法较好地克服了起伏地形对地下构造成像的影响,取得了令人满意的效果,实现了波动方程基准面校正和深度成像的有机结合.     

共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法

本文提出了一种基于双平方根算子的共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法,将振幅误差补偿作为偏移的一部分与“运动学偏移”一起在偏移过程中实现.其基本内容包括：(1)从保幅的单平方根算子方程出发,推导出由双平方根算子定义的保幅单程波方程;(2)根据地震波摄动理论把速度场分裂为层内常速背景和变速扰动,分别在频率－波数域和频率－空间域求得波场深度延拓的偏移时移量及振幅校正系数,从而得到最终的DSR保幅波场延拓算子;(3)在高频假设条件下,把DSR保幅波场延拓公式中的积分运算进行稳相近似,得到保幅波场延拓的相移公式.理论分析和模型数值试验表明,该方法不但可以使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,为后续的地震属性分析（如AVO/AVA）提供更真实的地震信息.     

地球物理学中的电磁场正演与反演

本文在近年来众多的地球物理研究者的研究基础上,总结了当前地电磁模型正反演已有成果,定量分析了各种主要正反演的性能测试,指出不同正反演法的优点、缺点以及应用范围局限,提出了各种方法的发展趋势以及当前计算地球物理领域的核心内容,指出了计算地球物理领域的数值模拟发展方向.     

四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发期气象适宜度

以四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区为研究区,基于气象条件对腋芽萌发期再生稻生长发育的影响机理,采用结构方程模型探明了腋芽萌发的影响因素、影响路径及影响强度。进一步结合隶属函数和层次分析法,构建了再生稻腋芽萌发气象适宜度模型,并分析了1981—2021年研究区腋芽萌发期气象影响因素及气象适宜度的变化特征。结果表明：气温、空气湿度、降水是四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发的关键影响因素,基于以上因素的气象适宜度模型能较好地评价再生稻腋芽萌发期的气象影响。1981—2021年研究区气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度均呈下降趋势,降水适宜度没有表现出明显的变化趋势。气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度总体呈“西高东低”的空间分布特征,降水适宜度则表现为“东西高、中部低”。1981—2021年研究区气温上升趋势与空气湿度下降趋势显著,导致致害高温（日平均气温≥32℃）积温和致害低湿（日平均相对湿度≤65％）日数明显增加,这是再生稻腋芽萌发期气象适宜度总体呈下降趋势的诱因。     

Enhancement of the channel routing module in SWAT

The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the channel flow routing techniques used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be sometimes inappropriate for runoff simulation in small basins. Simulated hydrographs have a tendency to underestimate peak flows or may send a false signal during the recession periods when SWAT is applied to the Mihocheon Basin in South Korea. This was particularly evident for sub‐basins that had a short travel time of much less than a day. In order to enhance the channel routing module in SWAT, an alternative routing technique in which Manning relationship is combined with a simple channel reach continuity equation is proposed in the present study. The advantage of the proposed routing technique is that parameters are readily available from channel morphological data and that it is applicable to small basins. Through simulations of specific events, this routing module that is incorporated into SWAT is almost free from instability errors and produces realistic flow depths and velocities unlike the original version of SWAT with Muskingum method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A simple model to estimate monthly forest evapotranspiration in Japan from monthly temperature

The estimation of evapotranspiration (E) in forested areas is required for various practical purposes (e.g. evaluation of drought risks) in Japan. This study developed a model that estimates monthly forest E in Japan with the input of monthly temperature (T). The model is based on the assumptions that E equals the equilibrium evaporation rate (E_eq) and that E_eq is approximated by a function of T. The model formulates E as E (mm month⁻¹) = 3·48 T ( °C) + 32·3. The accuracy of the model was examined using monthly E data derived using short‐term water balance (WB) and micrometeorological (M) methods for 15 forest sites in Japan. The model estimated monthly E more accurately than did the Thornthwaite and Hamon equations according to regression analysis of the estimated E and E derived using the WB and M methods. Although the model tended to overestimate monthly E, the overestimation could be reduced by considering the effect of precipitation on E. As T data are commonly available all over Japan, the model would be a useful tool to estimate forest E in Japan. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.