星载GPS伪距测量数据质量分析

研究了星载GPS伪距测量精度评定方法以及粗差的探测方法,用自编的软件对CHAMP卫星和SAC-C卫星的星载GPS实测数据进行了详细的分析.结果表明:随着卫星高度角的不同,多路径效应与伪距测量噪声对星载GPS伪距测量精度的影响在0.5～3.0 m之间;CHAMP和SAC-C星载GPS观测数据中,伪距粗差观测值所占的比例分别达到1.2%和3.0%.     

桂北376铀矿床烃气地球化学研究

烃气测量法在锡、金、铜、铅锌等金属矿床找矿中得到了广泛应用,而该技术在花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用鲜有报道。本文对桂北376铀矿床已知矿体开展了烃气测量试验,结果显示：相较于其他金属矿,该铀矿区花岗岩和土壤中总烃含量极低,而且花岗岩总烃含量(平均19.42μL/kg)高于上覆土壤(平均6.32μL/kg)。花岗岩中U与多数烃气组分呈负相关,与重烃呈正相关,重烃在U迁移过程中作用强于轻烃;花岗岩烃气标准化配分模式以C₁、iC₄和C₂^-正异常为特征;铀矿化程度与iC₄/nC₄、(C₁+iC₄+C₂^-)/(C₂+C₃+nC₄)及C₂^-/C₃^-比值呈正相关,与C₂₊/∑C比值呈负相关等可为寻找铀矿提供依据。3...     

Experimental and numerical investigation of groundwater head losses on and nearby short intersections between disc-shaped fractures

Discrete fracture models are used for investigating precise processes of groundwater flow in fractured rocks,while a disc-shaped parallel-plates model for a single fracture is more reasonable and efficient for computational treatments.The flow velocity has a large spatial differentiation which is more likely to produce non-linear flow and additional head losses on and nearby intersections in such shaped fractures,therefore it is necessary to understand and quantify them.In this study,both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the total head loss on and nearby the intersections as well as the local head loss exactly on the intersections,which were not usually paid sufficient attention or even ignored.The investigation results show that these two losses account for 29.17%-84.97%and 0-73.57%of the entire total head loss in a fracture,respectively.As a result,they should be necessarily considered for groundwater modeling in fractured rocks.Furthermore,both head losses become larger when aperture and flow rate increase and intersection length decreases.Particularly,the ratios of these two head losses to the entire total head loss in a fracture could be well statistically explained by power regression equations with variables of aperture,intersection length,and flow rates,both of which achieved high coefficients of determination.It could be feasible through this type of study to provide a way on how to adjust the groundwater head from those obtained by numerical simulations based on the traditional linear flow model.Finally,it is practicable and effective to implement the investigation approach combining laboratory experiments with numerical simulations for quantifying the head losses on and nearby the intersections between disc-shaped fractures.     

轨道交通整体床道测量

本文从地铁床道测量的意义出发,结合轨道交通八号线二期工程,介绍了轨道交通整体床道测量技术设计、作业方法、数据采集、成果分析,以及在作业过程中的注意事项.     

Discussion on “The action of elemental sulfur plus water on 1-octene at low temperatures” by Said-Ahmad et al. (Organic Geochemistry 59, 82–86)

A recent article (Said-Ahmad, W., Amrani, A., Aizenshtat, Z., 2013. The action of elemental sulfur plus water on 1-octene at low temperatures. Organic Geochemistry 59, 82–86) is commented on in this discussion. Radical mechanisms proposed by Said-Ahmad et al. (2013) for the formation of sulfurized and oxidized organic compounds in experiments involving elemental sulfur and 1-octene under aqueous conditions, aimed at investigating the interaction of organic matter and sulfur compounds under geological conditions, are not compatible with their experimental results and other studies. In addition, results from the experiments aimed at demonstrating the role of HO radicals in the formation of oxidized organic compounds were incorrectly interpreted by the authors. In this discussion, alternative mechanisms for the formation of the sulfurized and oxygenated products reported by Said-Ahmad et al. (2013) are proposed.     

Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A brief Overview

air pollution, trend and variability, socioeconomic development, satellite measurements, bottom-up emission inventories, top-down constraints     

中国大气气溶胶辐射特性参数的观测与研究进展

长期系统的气溶胶辐射特性观测资料是定量研究气溶胶辐射和气候效应的重要基础.本文综合介绍中国大气气溶胶辐射特性观测与研究现状和成果,重点包括以下内容:地面太阳光度计联网观测气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率、尺度谱;从全波段太阳辐射反演气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率;浊度计和黑碳仪测量地面气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数;地基/星载激光雷达观测气溶胶(后向散射系数)垂直分布;极轨/静止卫星遥感反演气溶胶光学特性.     

RELATIVE MOTION AND DEFORMATION OF PACIFIC PLATE FROM SPACE GEODESY

1　IntroductionThroughoutthegeologicalhistory ,almostallthetectonicplateactivities,suchasearthquakes,volcaniceruption ,andmountainbuilding ,takeplaceatactiveplateboundaries.Forexample,approxi mately 90 percentoftheearthquakesoccuratactiveplateboundaries[1 - 4 ] ,andthehighestmountainsofTibetandAndesresultfromthecontinualcollisionbetweenIndiaandAsia ,NazcaandSouthAmericaplates,respectively .Aplateboundaryisafracturethatseparatesaplatefromanother;theneighboringplatesmoverelativetooneanotherin…     

Phenomenological Theory of the Photoevaporation Front Instability

The dynamics of photoevaporated molecular clouds is determined by the ablative pressure acting on the ionization front. An important step in the understanding of the ensuing motion is to develop the linear stability theory for an initially flat front. Despite the simplifications introduced by linearization, the problem remains quite complex and still draws a lot of attention. The complexity is related to the large number of effects that have to be included in the analysis: acceleration of the front, possible temporal variation of the intensity of the ionizing radiation, the tilt of the radiation flux with respect to the normal to the surface, and partial absorption of the incident radiation in the ablated material. In this paper, we describe a model where all these effects can be taken into account simultaneously, and a relatively simple and universal dispersion relation can be obtained. The proposed phenomenological model may prove to be a helpful tool in assessing the feasibility of the laboratory experiments directed towards scaled modeling of astrophysical phenomena. PACS Numbers: 98.38.Dq, 98.38.Hv, 52.38.Mf, 5257.FG, 52.72.+v